LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Tacitus › Histories, Book 1 › Histories 1.89

Tacitus · Historiae I

Histories 1.89

Otho plans his campaign

English onlyRead it word by word

Hist. 1.89.1Othō lūstrātā urbe et expēnsīs bellō cōnsiliīs, quandō Poenīnae Cottiaeque Alpēs et cēterī Galliārum aditūs Vitelliānīs exercitibus claudēbantur, Narbōnēnsem Galliam adgredī statuit classe validā et partibus fīdā, quod reliquōs caesōrum ad pontem Mulvium et saevitiā Galbae in custōdiā habitōs in numerōs legiōnis composuerat, factā et cēterīs spē honōrātae in posterum mīlitiae.Otho, having purified the city and weighed his plans for the war, since the Pennine and Cottian Alps and the other approaches to the Gauls were closed by the Vitellian armies, decided to attack Narbonese Gaul with the fleet, which was strong and loyal to his party, because he had enrolled in the ranks of a legion the survivors of those cut down at the Mulvian bridge and kept in custody by Galba's cruelty, and had given the rest also hope of honourable service in the future. Hist. 1.89.1Addidit classī urbānās cohortīs et plērōsque ē praetōriānīs, virīs et rōbur exercitūs atque ipsīs ducibus cōnsilium et custōdēs.He added to the fleet the city cohorts and many of the praetorians, the army's strength in men and vigour, and counsel and guards for the generals themselves.

Hist. 1.89.1Summa expedītiōnis Antōniō Novellō, Suediō Clēmentī prīmipīlāribus, Aemiliō Pācēnsī, cui ademptum ā Galbā tribūnātum reddiderat, permissa.The supreme command of the expedition was entrusted to Antonius Novellus and Suedius Clemens, former chief centurions, and to Aemilius Pacensis, to whom he had restored the tribunate taken from him by Galba. Hist. 1.89.1Cūram nāvium Moschus lībertus retinēbat ad observandam honestiōrum fidem immūtātus.The charge of the ships remained with the freedman Moschus, kept on unchanged to watch the loyalty of his betters. Hist. 1.89.1Peditum equitumque cōpiīs Suētōnius Paulīnus, Marius Celsus, Annius Gallus rēctōrēs dēstinātī, sed plūrima fidēs Liciniō Proculō praetōriī praefectō.Suetonius Paulinus, Marius Celsus and Annius Gallus were appointed commanders of the infantry and cavalry forces, but the greatest trust was placed in Licinius Proculus, the praetorian prefect. Hist. 1.89.1Is urbānae mīlitiae impiger, bellōrum īnsolēns, auctōritātem Paulīnī, vigōrem Celsī, mātūritātem Gallī, ut cuique erat, crīminandō, quod facillimum factū est, prāvus et callidus bonōs et modestōs anteībat.He, energetic in service in the city but inexperienced in wars, by slandering the authority of Paulinus, the vigour of Celsus, the ripe judgement of Gallus, whichever each possessed (the easiest thing to do), outstripped, crooked and cunning as he was, these good and modest men.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (95 words)
lūstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspurify by sacrifice; review (an army)
urbs, urbis, f.city
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
expendō, -ere, -pendī, -pēnsusweigh out; pay (a penalty)
bellum, -ī, n.war
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
Poenīnus, -a, -umPennine; Alpes Poeninae, iuga Poenina: the Pennine Alps (Great St Bernard)
Cottius, -a, -umCottian; Alpēs Cottiae: the Cottian Alps
que, enclitic conj.and
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
aditus, -ūs, m.approach, entrance
Vitelliānus, -a, -umof Vitellius; as noun, a Vitellian soldier
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
Narbōnēnsis, -eof Narbo; Gallia Narbonensis, the province of southern Gaul
adgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumapproach; address; attack; undertake
statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtuscause to stand; decide, resolve
classis, -is f.fleet
validus, -a, -umstrong
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
fīdus, -a, -umfaithful, loyal, trustworthy
quod, conj.that, in that, because
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
pōns, pontis, m.bridge
Mulvius, -a, -umMulvian: pons Mulvius, the Mulvian Bridge over the Tiber north of Rome
saevitia, -ae f.fierceness, cruelty
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
custōdia, -ae f.guard, protection
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
numerus, -ī, m.number
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput together; mend, set in order
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
spēs, speī, f.hope
honōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushonour, respect
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
urbānus, -a, -umof the city (Rome), urban
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
praetōriānus, -a, -umpraetorian, of the emperor's guard; as noun, a praetorian
vir, virī, m.man
rōbur, rōboris, n.oak
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
custōs, -ōdis m.guard
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
expedītiō, -ōnis f.expedition, raid
novellus, -a, -umyoung, new, newly planted; (as surname) Novellus
prīmipīlāris, -is m.former chief centurion of a legion
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
tribūnātus, -ūs m.tribuneship, office of tribune (military or of the people)
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
nāvis, -is, f.ship
lībertus, -ī m.freedman (a former slave, in relation to his former master)
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
observō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwatch; keep, respect
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
immūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange, alter
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
rēctor, -ōris m.ruler, guide, director
dēstinō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfasten, make fast
sed, conj.but
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
praetōrium, -ī n.governor's residence, headquarters
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
impiger (inp-), -gra, -grumenergetic, active
īnsolēns, -entisunaccustomed (to: gen.); excessive, arrogant
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
vigor, -ōris m.vigour, energy, liveliness
mātūritās, -ātis f.ripeness, full development
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
crīminor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccuse, denounce, make charges against
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
prāvus, -a, -umcrooked; bad, wrong
callidus, -a, -umclever, crafty
bonus, -a, -umgood
modestus, -a, -ummoderate, restrained, modest
anteeō, -īre, -iīgo before, go ahead; surpass
Tacitus, Historiae I. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.