LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Tacitus › Histories, Book 1 › Histories 1.63

Tacitus · Historiae I

Histories 1.63

Two armies march on Italy

English onlyRead it word by word

Hist. 1.63.1Adiūnctō Britannicō exercitū ingēns vīribus opibusque Vitellius duōs ducēs, duo itinera bellō dēstināvit: Fabius Valēns adlicere vel, sī abnuerent, vāstāre Galliās et Cottiānīs Alpibus Ītaliam inrumpere, Caecīna propiōre trānsitū Poenīnīs iugīs dēgredī iussus.With the British army added, Vitellius, immensely strong in forces and resources, appointed two generals and two routes for the war: Fabius Valens was ordered to win over the Gauls or, if they refused, to lay them waste, and to burst into Italy over the Cottian Alps; Caecina to descend by the nearer crossing over the Pennine heights. Hist. 1.63.1Valentī īnferiōris exercitūs ēlēctī cum aquilā quīntae legiōnis et cohortibus alīsque, ad quadrāgintā mīlia armātōrum data;To Valens were given picked troops of the lower army with the eagle of the Fifth Legion and cohorts and cavalry squadrons, about forty thousand armed men; Hist. 1.63.1trīgintā mīlia Caecīna ē superiōre Germāniā dūcēbat, quōrum rōbur legiō ūnaetvīcēnsima fuit.Caecina was leading thirty thousand from Upper Germany, of whom the core was the Twenty-first Legion. Hist. 1.63.1Addita utrīque Germānōrum auxilia, ē quibus Vitellius suās quoque cōpiās supplēvit, tōtā mōle bellī secūtūrus.To each were added German auxiliaries, from whom Vitellius also filled up his own forces, intending to follow with the whole weight of the war.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (57 words)
adiungo, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to, join
Britannicus, -a, -umBritish, in Britain
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
que, enclitic conj.and
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
bellum, -ī, n.war
dēstinō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfasten, make fast
alliciō, -ere, -lexī, -lectusattract, entice, win over
velor; vel … vel: either … or
sī, conj.if
abnuō, -ere, -nuīrefuse, decline, reject
vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay waste
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
Cottiānus, -a, -umCottian; Alpes Cottianae: the Cottian Alps (Mont Genèvre area)
inrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusburst into or in
propior, -iusnearer (+ dat.)
trānsitus, -ūs m.crossing, passage
Poenīnus, -a, -umPennine; Alpes Poeninae, iuga Poenina: the Pennine Alps (Great St Bernard)
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
dēgredior, -ī, -gressus sumgo down, come down, descend
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
īnferior, -iuslower
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
cum, prep, with abl.with
aquila, -ae f.eagle; the eagle standard of a legion
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
ala, -ae, f.wing
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
quadrāgintā (indecl.)forty
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
armātus, -a, -umarmed
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
trīgintā (indecl.)thirty
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
rōbur, rōboris, n.oak
ūnetvīcēsimus (ūnaetvīcēnsimus), -a, -umtwenty-first; legio unaetvicensima: the Twenty-first Legion (Rapax)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quoque, adv.also
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
suppleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill up, make full
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
mōlēs, -is f.mass; dam, breakwater
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
Tacitus, Historiae I. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.