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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.63

Sabine defeat and a disputed triumph

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Liv. 3.63.1Vādunt igitur in proelium ab suā parte omissum et locum, ex quō cesserant, repetunt;So they went into the fight they had abandoned on their side and regained the ground from which they had retreated; Liv. 3.63.1mōmentōque nōn restitūta modo pugna, sed inclīnātur etiam Sabīnīs cornū.and in a moment not only was the battle restored, but the Sabine wing actually gives way. Liv. 3.63.1Eques inter ōrdinēs peditum tēctus sē ad equōs recipit.The cavalry, sheltered among the ranks of the infantry, went back to their horses. Liv. 3.63.2Trānsvolat inde in partem alteram suīs victōriae nūntius;Then they galloped across to the other part of the field, bearing news of the victory to their comrades; Liv. 3.63.2simul et in hostīs iam pavidōs, quippe fūsō suae partis validiōre cornū, impetum facit.at the same time they charged the enemy, who were already panic-stricken, since the stronger wing of their side had been routed. Liv. 3.63.2Nōn aliōrum eō proeliō virtūs magis ēnituit.No men's courage shone out more in that battle. Liv. 3.63.3Cōnsul prōvidēre omnia, laudāre fortīs, increpāre, sīcubi segnior pugna esset.The consul foresaw everything, praised the brave, and rebuked any wherever the fighting was slacker.

Liv. 3.63.3Castīgātī fortium statim virōrum opera ēdēbant;Those rebuked at once performed the deeds of brave men; Liv. 3.63.3tantumque hōs pudor, quantum aliōs laudēs excitābant.and shame roused these as much as praise roused the others. Liv. 3.63.4Redintegrātō clamōre undique omnēs cōnīsī hostem āvertunt, nec deinde Rōmāna vīs sustinērī potuit.The shout was renewed, and all, straining on every side, routed the enemy, and thereafter the Roman onslaught could not be withstood. Liv. 3.63.4Sabīnī fūsī passim per agrōs castra hostī ad praedam relinquunt.The Sabines, scattered far and wide through the fields, left their camp to the enemy as plunder. Liv. 3.63.4Ibi nōn sociōrum, sīcut in Algidō, rēs, sed suās Rōmānus populātiōnibus agrōrum āmissās recēpit.There the Romans recovered not the property of allies, as on Algidus, but their own, lost through the ravaging of their fields. Liv. 3.63.5Geminā victōriā duōbus bifāriam proeliīs partā malignē senātus in ūnum diem supplicātiōnēs cōnsulum nōmine dēcrēvit.For a double victory won in two battles in two places the senate grudgingly decreed thanksgivings in the consuls' name for a single day. Liv. 3.63.5Populus iniussū et alterō diē frequēns iit supplicātum;The people, unbidden, went in crowds to give thanks on the second day too; Liv. 3.63.5et haec vaga populārisque supplicātiō studiīs prope celebrātior fuit.and this unofficial, popular thanksgiving was, through enthusiasm, almost more thronged.

Liv. 3.63.6Cōnsulēs ex compositō eōdem bīduō ad urbem accessēre senātumque in Mārtium campum ēvocāvēre.By arrangement the consuls approached the city within the same two days and summoned the senate to the Campus Martius. Liv. 3.63.6Ubi cum dē rēbus ab sē gestīs agerent, questī prīmōrēs patrum senātum inter mīlitēs dēditā operā terrōris causā habērī.When they were reporting there on their achievements, the leading senators complained that the senate was being held among the soldiers on purpose to intimidate it. Liv. 3.63.7Itaque inde cōnsulēs, nē crīminātiōnī locus esset, in prāta Flāminia, ubi nunc aedēs Apollinis est — iam tum Apollināre appellābant — , āvocāvēre senātum.And so the consuls, to give no ground for accusation, called the senate away from there to the Flaminian Meadows, where the temple of Apollo now stands — even then they called it the Apollinare. Liv. 3.63.8Ubi cum ingentī cōnsēnsū patrum negārētur triumphus, L. Icilius tribūnus plēbis tulit ad populum dē triumphō cōnsulum multīs dissuāsum prōdeuntibus, maximē C. Claudiō vōciferante: dē patribus, nōn dē hostibus cōnsulēs triumphāre velle, grātiamque prō prīvātō meritō in tribūnum, nōn prō virtūte honōrem petī.When there the triumph was refused by a great consensus of the senators, Lucius Icilius, tribune of the plebs, brought the consuls' triumph before the people, while many came forward to speak against it, above all Gaius Claudius, who cried out that it was over the senators, not over the enemy, that the consuls wished to triumph, and that what was sought was thanks for a private service to a tribune, not an honour for valour.

Liv. 3.63.9Numquam ante dē triumphō per populum āctum, semper aestimātiōnem arbitriumque eius honōris penes senātum fuisse.Never before had a triumph been dealt with through the people; the assessment and decision of that honour had always rested with the senate. Liv. 3.63.10Nē rēgēs quidem maiestātem summī ōrdinis inminuisse.Not even the kings had diminished the majesty of the highest order. Liv. 3.63.10Nē ita omnia tribūnī potestātis suae inplērent, ut nūllum pūblicum cōnsilium sinerent esse.The tribunes should not so fill everything with their own power as to allow no public council to exist. Liv. 3.63.10Ita dēmum līberam cīvitātem fore, ita aequātās lēgēs, sī sua quisque iūra ōrdō, suam maiestātem teneat.Only then would the state be free, only then would the laws be equal, if each order kept its own rights and its own majesty. Liv. 3.63.11In eandem sententiam multa et ā cēterīs seniōribus patrum cum essent dicta, omnēs tribūs eam rogātiōnem accēpērunt.Though much was said to the same effect by the other elder senators too, all the tribes passed the proposal. Liv. 3.63.11Tum prīmum sine auctōritāte senātūs populī iussū triumphātum est.Then for the first time a triumph was celebrated by order of the people without the authority of the senate.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×5, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (205 words)
vādō, -erego
igitur, conj.therefore
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missuslet go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
mōmentum, -ī n.weight, importance; levī mōmentō: as a slight matter
que, enclitic conj.and
nōn, adv.not
restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset up again, put back, restore
modo, adv.only
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
sed, conj.but
inclīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbend, lean; incline, tend
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
cornū, -ūs, n.horn
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
equus, -ī, m.horse
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
trānsvolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfly across, fly past; pass over
inde (adv.)from there; then
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
victōria, -ae, f.victory
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
iam, adv.now, already
pavidus, -a, -umfrightened
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
validus, -a, -umstrong
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
ēnitēscō, -ere, -nituīshine out, stand out
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsumforesee; provide for
omnis, -eall, every
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
fortis, -ebrave
increpō, -āre, -uī, -itusmake a noise, rattle; rebuke
sīcubiif anywhere, wherever
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
castīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspunish, rebuke; correct, check
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
vir, virī, m.man
opus, operis, n.work, task
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
pudor, -ōris m.shame, sense of honour
quantum, adv.how much? how?
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
excitō, -citāre, -citāvī, -citātuscall out, arouse
redintegrō, -integrāre, -integrāvī, -integrātusmake whole again, renew
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
undique, adv.from or on all sides
cōnītor, -ī, -nīxus (-nīsus) sumstrive hard, struggle; make every effort
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
deinde, adv.then, next
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
passim (adv.)here and there, in all directions
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ager, agri, m.field, land
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
ibi, adv.in that place, there
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
sīcut (conj.)just as
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
populātiō, -ōnis f.plundering, ravaging
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
bifāriam (adv.)in two parts, in two places
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
malignē (adv.)grudgingly, stingily; spitefully
senātus, -ūs m.senate
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
supplicātiō, -ōnis f.public thanksgiving (to the gods)
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
populus, -ī m.people, nation
iniussū (abl. only)without the order (of)
frequēns, -entiscrowded, in great numbers; frequent
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
supplicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspray humbly, make supplication (to: dat.)
vagus, -a, -umwandering, roaming
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
celebrātus, -a, -ummuch frequented, crowded; famous, celebrated
compositum, -ī n.agreement; ex compositō: by arrangement, as agreed
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
bīduum, -ī n.two days
urbs, urbis, f.city
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
Mārtius, -a, -umof Mars; campus Mārtius, the Field of Mars outside the old city
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
ēvocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātuscall out, challenge
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
prīmōrēs, -um m. pl.the leading men, the front rank
pater, patris, m.father
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
crīminātiō, -ōnis f.an accusation, a charge (often unjust)
prātum, -ī n.meadow
nunc, adv.now
aedēs, -is f.temple (sg.); house (pl.)
tum, adv.then, at that time
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
āvocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall away, divert
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
triumphus, -ī m.triumph, a victorious general's procession
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
dissuādeō, -ēre, -suāsī, -suāsusadvise against, oppose
prōdeō, -īre, prōdiī, prōditumgo forward, come out
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
vōciferor, -ārī, -ātus sumshout, cry out loudly
triumphō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscelebrate a triumph; exult
volō, velle, voluīwish
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
meritum, -ī n.service, desert
honor, -ōris, m.honor
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
numquam, adv.never
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
semper, adv.always
aestimātiō, -ōnis f.valuation, assessment
arbitrium, -ī n.judgment, will, pleasure
penes (prep. + acc.)in the hands of, in the power of
rēx, rēgis, m.king
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
maiestās, -ātis f.greatness, dignity, majesty
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
imminuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtuslessen, diminish; passive: go down
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
dēmum, adv.at last
līber, lībera, līberumfree
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
lēx, lēgis f.law
sī, conj.if
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
senior, -ōris m.elder; seniores: the elders (of the people)
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
tribus, -ūs f.tribe, one of the divisions of the Roman people
rogātiō, -ōnis f.proposed law, bill (put to the people)
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
sine, prep. with abl.without
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
iussus, -ūs, m.bidding, command
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.