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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.63

Sabine defeat and a disputed triumph

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1So they went into the fight they had abandoned on their side and regained the ground from which they had retreated; 1and in a moment not only was the battle restored, but the Sabine wing actually gives way. 1The cavalry, sheltered among the ranks of the infantry, went back to their horses. 2Then they galloped across to the other part of the field, bearing news of the victory to their comrades; 2at the same time they charged the enemy, who were already panic-stricken, since the stronger wing of their side had been routed. 2No men's courage shone out more in that battle. 3The consul foresaw everything, praised the brave, and rebuked any wherever the fighting was slacker.

3Those rebuked at once performed the deeds of brave men; 3and shame roused these as much as praise roused the others. 4The shout was renewed, and all, straining on every side, routed the enemy, and thereafter the Roman onslaught could not be withstood. 4The Sabines, scattered far and wide through the fields, left their camp to the enemy as plunder. 4There the Romans recovered not the property of allies, as on Algidus, but their own, lost through the ravaging of their fields. 5For a double victory won in two battles in two places the senate grudgingly decreed thanksgivings in the consuls' name for a single day. 5The people, unbidden, went in crowds to give thanks on the second day too; 5and this unofficial, popular thanksgiving was, through enthusiasm, almost more thronged.

6By arrangement the consuls approached the city within the same two days and summoned the senate to the Campus Martius. 6When they were reporting there on their achievements, the leading senators complained that the senate was being held among the soldiers on purpose to intimidate it. 7And so the consuls, to give no ground for accusation, called the senate away from there to the Flaminian Meadows, where the temple of Apollo now stands — even then they called it the Apollinare. 8When there the triumph was refused by a great consensus of the senators, Lucius Icilius, tribune of the plebs, brought the consuls' triumph before the people, while many came forward to speak against it, above all Gaius Claudius, who cried out that it was over the senators, not over the enemy, that the consuls wished to triumph, and that what was sought was thanks for a private service to a tribune, not an honour for valour.

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9Never before had a triumph been dealt with through the people; the assessment and decision of that honour had always rested with the senate. 10Not even the kings had diminished the majesty of the highest order. 10The tribunes should not so fill everything with their own power as to allow no public council to exist. 10Only then would the state be free, only then would the laws be equal, if each order kept its own rights and its own majesty. 11Though much was said to the same effect by the other elder senators too, all the tribes passed the proposal. 11Then for the first time a triumph was celebrated by order of the people without the authority of the senate.

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Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.