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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.62

Horatius engages the Sabines

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Liv. 3.62.1Ad id, quod suā sponte satis conlēctum animōrum erat, indignitāte etiam Rōmānī accendēbantur: iam alterum exercitum victōrem in urbem reditūrum, sibi ultrō per contumēliās hostem īnsultāre;Besides the spirit they had sufficiently gathered of their own accord, the Romans were also inflamed by indignation: the other army would soon be returning victorious to the city, while the enemy was actually insulting them with taunts; Liv. 3.62.1quandō autem sē, sī tum nōn sint, parēs hostibus fore?when, moreover, would they be a match for the enemy, if they were not now? Liv. 3.62.2Ubi haec fremere mīlitem in castrīs cōnsul sēnsit, contiōne advocātā "quem ad modum" inquit "in Algidō rēs gesta sit, arbitror vōs, mīlitēs, audīsse.When the consul perceived the soldiers grumbling about these things in the camp, he called an assembly and said: 'How matters went on Algidus, soldiers, I think you have heard. Liv. 3.62.2Quālem līberī populī exercitum decuit esse, tālis fuit.That army was such as the army of a free people ought to be. Liv. 3.62.3Cōnsiliō collēgae, virtūte mīlitum victōria parta est.By my colleague's strategy and the soldiers' courage the victory was won. Liv. 3.62.3Quod ad mē attinet, id cōnsiliī animīque habitūrus sum, quod vōs mihi fēceritis.As far as I am concerned, I shall have such plans and spirit as you give me.

Liv. 3.62.3Et trahī bellum salūbriter et mātūrē perficī potest.The war can either be prolonged to advantage or quickly finished. Liv. 3.62.4Sī trahendum est, ego, ut in diēs spēs virtūsque vestra crēscat, eādem, quā īnstituī, disciplīnā efficiam;If it must be prolonged, I shall see to it, by the same discipline with which I began, that your hope and courage grow day by day; Liv. 3.62.4sī iam satis animī est dēcernīque placet, agitedum clamōrem, quālem in aciē sublātūrī estis, tollite hīc indicem voluntātis virtūtisque vestrae!"if there is now spirit enough and you wish to decide it, come, raise a shout here such as you will raise in battle, as a sign of your will and your courage!' Liv. 3.62.5Postquam ingentī alacritāte clamor est sublātus, quod bene vertat, gestūrum sē illīs mōrem posterōque diē in aciem dēductūrum adfirmat.When the shout had been raised with tremendous eagerness, he assured them that — and may it turn out well — he would do as they wished and lead them out into battle the next day. Liv. 3.62.5Reliquum diēī apparandīs armīs cōnsūmptum est.The rest of the day was spent in preparing arms.

Liv. 3.62.6Posterō diē simul īnstruī Rōmānam aciem Sabīnī vīdēre et ipsī, iam prīdem avidī certāminis prōcēdunt.The next day, as soon as the Sabines saw the Roman line being drawn up, they too came forward, long since eager for the contest. Liv. 3.62.6Proelium fuit, quāle inter fīdentēs sibimet ambō exercitūs, veteris perpetuaeque alterum glōriae, alterum novā nūper victōriā ēlātum.The battle was such as one between two armies both confident in themselves, the one proud of its ancient and unbroken glory, the other elated by a fresh and recent victory. Liv. 3.62.7Cōnsiliō etiam Sabīnī vīrēs adiūvēre;The Sabines also assisted their strength with strategy; Liv. 3.62.7nam cum aequāssent aciem, duo extrā ōrdinem mīlia, quae in sinistrum cornū Rōmānōrum in ipsō certāmine inpressiōnem facerent, tenuēre.for having made their line equal in length, they kept two thousand men in reserve outside the line, to make an attack on the Romans' left wing in the very thick of the fight. Liv. 3.62.8Quae ubi inlātīs ex trānsversō signīs dēgravābant prope circumventum cornū, equitēs duārum legiōnum sescentī ferē ex equīs dēsiliunt cēdentibusque iam suīs prōvolant in prīmum simulque et hostī sē oppōnunt et aequātō prīmum perīculō, pudōre deinde animōs peditum accendunt.When these, bearing down with a flank attack, were overwhelming the wing, which was almost surrounded, about six hundred cavalry of the two legions leapt from their horses and, as their men were now giving way, dashed to the front, and at once both set themselves against the enemy and fired the infantry's spirits, first by sharing the danger equally, then by shame.

Liv. 3.62.9Verēcundiae erat equitem suō aliēnōque Mārte pugnāre, peditem nē ad pedēs quidem dēgressō equitī parem esse.It was a disgrace that the cavalry should fight in their own fashion and in another's, while the infantry were not a match even for cavalry who had dismounted.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3, indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (162 words)
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctumgather, collect (sē colligere: recover oneself)
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
indignitās, -ātis f.humiliation, indignity
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
iam, adv.now, already
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
urbs, urbis, f.city
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
contumēlia, -ae f.insult, outrage
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
īnsultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumleap on; mock, insult (+ dat.)
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
sī, conj.if
tum, adv.then, at that time
nōn, adv.not
pār, parisequal
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
fremō, -ere, -uī, -itumroar, growl; grumble (in + acc.: at)
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
advocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon (contiōnem advocāre: call an assembly)
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
vōsplur. of tū
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
līber, lībera, līberumfree
populus, -ī m.people, nation
decet, decēre, decuit (impers.)it is fitting, it is proper
tālis, -esuch
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
victōria, -ae, f.victory
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
attineō (adtineō), -ēre, -tinuī, -tentumhold fast; concern, matter (nihil attinet: it is no use, there is no point)
que, enclitic conj.and
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
bellum, -ī, n.war
salūbriter (adv.)healthily; beneficially, usefully
mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē)early, quickly
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
spēs, speī, f.hope
vester, -tra, -trumyour
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
disciplīna, -ae f.training, discipline
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
index, -icis m. and f.informer; sign, indication
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
alacritās, -ātis f.eagerness, enthusiasm
bene, adv.well; successfully
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
affirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusassert, declare firmly
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
apparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusprepare, get ready
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake completely, use up, consume, spend
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
prīdem (adv.)long ago; iam prīdem: long since
avidus, -a, -umeager, greedy (for: gen.)
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
fīdō, -ere, fīsus sumtrust, rely on (+ dat. or abl.); fīdēns, confident, bold
ambō, -ae, -ōboth
vetus, veterisold, former
perpetuus, -a, -umcontinuous, perpetual; in perpetuum, for all time, forever
glōria, -ae, f.glory
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
nūper, adv.newly, lately, recently
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
adiuvō, -āre, adiūvī, adiūtumhelp, assist
nam, conj.for
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
extrā (prep. + acc.)outside, beyond
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
sinister, -tra, -trumleft
cornū, -ūs, n.horn
impressiō, -ōnis f.an attack, inroad, charge
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
trānsversus, -a, -umrunning across, crosswise
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
dēgravō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusweigh down; overpower
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumsurround
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
sescentī, -ae, -asix hundred
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
equus, -ī, m.horse
dēsiliō, -silīre, -siluī, -sultusleap down
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
prōvolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdash out
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
oppōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positusset against, place opposite
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
pudor, -ōris m.shame, sense of honour
deinde, adv.then, next
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
verēcundia, -ae f.modesty, respect, deference
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
pēs, pedis, m.foot
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
dēgredior, -ī, -gressus sumgo down, come down, descend
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.