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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.64

Duillius blocks the tribunes' re-election

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Liv. 3.64.1Haec victōria tribūnōrum plēbisque prope in haud salūbrem luxuriam vertit cōnspīrātiōne inter tribūnōs factā, ut iīdem tribūnī reficerentur et, quō sua minus cupiditās ēminēret, cōnsulēs quoque continuārent magistrātum.This victory of the tribunes and plebs almost turned into an unwholesome excess, a conspiracy being formed among the tribunes to have the same tribunes re-elected and, so that their own ambition might be less conspicuous, to have the consuls too continue in office. Liv. 3.64.2Cōnsēnsum patrum causābantur, quō per contumēliam cōnsulum iūra tribūnōrum plēbis labefactāta essent.They alleged as a pretext the united front of the senators, by which, through insult to the consuls, the rights of the tribunes of the plebs had been undermined. Liv. 3.64.3Quid futūrum nōndum firmātīs lēgibus, sī novōs tribūnōs per factiōnis suae cōnsulēs adortī essent?What would happen, with the laws not yet firmly established, if the senators attacked the new tribunes through consuls of their own faction? Liv. 3.64.3Nōn enim semper Valeriōs Horātiōsque cōnsulēs fore, quī lībertātī plēbis suās opēs postferrent.For they would not always have Valerii and Horatii as consuls, men who would put their own interests after the liberty of the plebs.

Liv. 3.64.4Forte quādam ūtilī ad tempus, ut comitiīs praeesset, potissimum M. Duilliō sorte ēvēnit, virō prūdentī et ex continuātiōne magistrātūs invidiam inminentem cernentī.By a chance useful for the occasion, it fell by lot to Marcus Duillius, of all men, to preside over the elections, a prudent man who saw the odium that threatened from continuing in office. Liv. 3.64.5Quī cum ex veteribus tribūnīs negāret sē ūllīus ratiōnem habitūrum pugnārentque collēgae, ut līberās tribūs in suffrāgium mitteret aut concēderet sortem comitiōrum collēgīs habitūrīs ē lēge potius comitia quam ex voluntāte patrum, iniectā contentiōne Duillius cōnsulēs ad subsellia accītōs cum interrogāsset, quid dē comitiīs cōnsulāribus in animō habērent, respondissentque sē novōs cōnsulēs creātūrōs, auctōrēs populārēs sententiae haud populāris nactus in contiōnem cum iīs prōcessit.When he declared that he would accept no candidacy from among the old tribunes, and his colleagues insisted that he either let the tribes vote freely or yield the presidency of the elections to his colleagues, who would hold the elections according to law rather than at the senators' pleasure, a dispute arose; Duillius summoned the consuls to the tribunes' benches and asked them what they had in mind about the consular elections, and when they replied that they would elect new consuls, having found popular backers for an unpopular view, he went with them before an assembly.

Liv. 3.64.7Ubi cum cōnsulēs prōductī ad populum interrogātīque, sī eōs populus Rōmānus, memor lībertātis per illōs receptae domī, memor mīlitiae rērum gestārum, cōnsulēs iterum faceret, quidnam factūrī essent, nihil sententiae suae mūtāssent, conlaudātīs cōnsulibus, quod persevērārent ad ultimum dissimilēs Decemvirōrum esse, comitia habuit;When there the consuls, brought before the people and asked what they would do if the Roman people, remembering the liberty recovered at home through them and remembering their achievements in war, made them consuls again, had changed nothing of their opinion, he praised the consuls for persevering to the last in being unlike the decemvirs, and held the elections; Liv. 3.64.8et quīnque tribūnīs plēbī creātīs cum prae studiīs apertē petentium novem tribūnōrum aliī candidātī tribūs nōn explērent, concilium dīmīsit nec deinde comitiōrum causā habuit.and when five tribunes of the plebs had been elected and, because of the partisanship shown for the nine tribunes openly canvassing, the other candidates did not obtain the required number of tribes, he dismissed the assembly and did not hold it again for the elections. Liv. 3.64.9Satisfactum lēgī aiēbat, quae numerō nūsquam praefīnītō, tribūnī modo ut relinquerentur, sancīret et ab iīs, quī creātī essent, cooptārī collēgās iubēret;He said that the law had been satisfied, which, fixing no number anywhere, provided only that tribunes should be left, and ordered that colleagues should be co-opted by those who had been elected; Liv. 3.64.10recitābatque rogātiōnis carmen, in quō est: "tribūnōs plēbeī decem rogābō;and he read out the formula of the bill, which runs: 'I shall put to you ten tribunes of the plebs; Liv. 3.64.10sī quī vōs minus hodiē decem tribūnōs plēbeī fēceritis, tum ut iī, quōs hī sibi collēgās cooptāssint, lēgitimī eādem lēge tribūnī plēbeī sint, ut illī, quōs hodiē tribūnōs plēbeī fēceritis."if today you elect fewer than ten tribunes of the plebs, then those whom these co-opt as their colleagues shall be lawful tribunes of the plebs under the same law as those whom you have made tribunes of the plebs today.' Liv. 3.64.11Duillius cum ad ultimum persevērāsset negandō quīndecim tribūnōs plēbeī rem pūblicam habēre posse, victā collēgārum cupiditāte pariter patribus plēbēīque acceptus magistrātū abiit.Duillius, having persisted to the end in denying that the commonwealth could have fifteen tribunes of the plebs, defeated the ambition of his colleagues and left office equally popular with senators and plebs.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×4, ablative absolute ×6, indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (165 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
victōria, -ae, f.victory
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
que, enclitic conj.and
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
salūbris, -ehealthy, wholesome
luxuria, -ae f.luxury
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
cōnspīrātiō, -ōnis f.agreement, unanimity; conspiracy
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
reficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake anew, renew, repair
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
minus, comp. adv.less
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
ēmineō, -ēre, -uīstand out, project
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
quoque, adv.also
continuō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusjoin together, make continuous; join one house to another
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
pater, patris, m.father
causor, -ārī, -ātus sumplead as an excuse, give as a reason; find fault
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
contumēlia, -ae f.insult, outrage
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
labefactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshake, weaken, undermine
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
nōndum, adv.not yet
firmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstrengthen, secure
lēx, lēgis f.law
sī, conj.if
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
factiō, -ōnis f.party, faction
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
nōn, adv.not
enim, conj.for
semper, adv.always
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
postferō, -ferreput after, rank below, sacrifice to
fors, fortis f.chance, luck
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
potissimum (adv.)above all, in preference to all others
sors, sortis, f.lot
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome out; turn out, happen, befall
vir, virī, m.man
prūdēns, -entissensible, shrewd, wise
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
continuātiō, -ōnis f.unbroken succession
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
immineō, -ērehang over; threaten, be close at hand
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
vetus, veterisold, former
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ūllus, -a, -umany
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
līber, lībera, līberumfree
tribus, -ūs f.tribe, one of the divisions of the Roman people
suffrāgium, -ī n.vote
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
potius (adv.)rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
iniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in or upon; cause, inspire
contentiō, -ōnis f.struggle, dispute
subsellium, -ī n.bench, seat (in the senate or courts)
acciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītussummon, send for
interrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, question
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
nancīscor, nancīscī, nactusget, obtain, find
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
cum, prep, with abl.with
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
prōdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumlead out, bring out
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
memor, -orismindful, remembering (+ gen.)
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
iterum, adv.again, a second time
quisnam, quaenam, quidnam, interrog. pron.who, which, or what, pray? who? which? what?
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
collaudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise warmly
quod, conj.that, in that, because
persevērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpersist
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
dissimilis, -eunlike, different
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
quīnquefive
prae (prep. + abl.)in comparison with; because of
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
apertē (adv.)openly, plainly
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
novem, indecl. adj.nine
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
candidātus, -ī m.candidate for office
expleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill up, complete; make good
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
deinde, adv.then, next
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
satisfaciō, -ere, -fēcī, -factum (+ dat.)satisfy; make amends, apologize
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
numerus, -ī, m.number
nūsquam, adv.nowhere
praefīniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfix beforehand, limit in advance
modo, adv.only
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
sanciō, -īre, sānxī, sānctummake binding, ratify
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
cooptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, co-opt (as a member)
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
recitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusread aloud
rogātiō, -ōnis f.proposed law, bill (put to the people)
carmen, -minis, n.song, charm
decem, indecl. adj.ten
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
vōsplur. of tū
hodiē (adv.)today
tum, adv.then, at that time
lēgitimus, -a, -umlawful, legal, prescribed by law
quīndecim (indecl.)fifteen
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.