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Cicero · De Amicitia

De Amicitia 25

Flattery, the plague of friendship

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Amic. 25.1Ut igitur et monēre et monērī proprium est vērae amīcitiae, et alterum līberē facere, nōn asperē, alterum patienter accipere, nōn repugnanter, sīc habendum est nūllam in amīcitiīs pestem esse maiōrem quam adūlātiōnem blanditiam assentātiōnem: quamvīs enim multīs nōminibus est hoc vitium notandum levium hominum atque fallācium, ad voluptātem loquentium omnia, nihil ad vēritātem.As, then, to admonish and be admonished is the mark of true friendship, and to do the one freely, not harshly, and to receive the other patiently, not resentfully, so we must hold that there is no greater plague in friendship than fawning, flattery and obsequiousness: for by however many names it is called, this vice must be branded as belonging to fickle and deceitful men, who say everything to please and nothing for the truth. Amic. 25.92Cum autem omnium rērum simulātiō vitiōsa est, tollit enim iūdicium vērī idque adulterat, tum amīcitiae repugnat maximē;And while pretence in all things is wrong (for it destroys the judgement of truth and corrupts it), it is most of all opposed to friendship; Amic. 25.92dēlet enim vēritātem, sine quā nōmen amīcitiae valēre nōn potest.for it destroys truth, without which the name of friendship can have no force.

Amic. 25.92Nam cum amīcitiae vīs sit in eō ut ūnus quasi animus fīat ex plūribus, quī id fierī poterit, sī nē in ūnō quidem quōque ūnus animus erit īdemque semper, sed varius commūtābilis multiplex?For since the power of friendship lies in this, that one mind, as it were, is made out of many, how can that happen if not even in a single person is there one mind, always the same, but a mind changeable, fickle and manifold? Amic. 25.93Quid enim potest esse tam flexibile, tam dēvium, quam animus eius, quī ad alterīus nōn modo sēnsum ac voluntātem, sed etiam voltum atque nūtum convertitur?For what can be so pliable, so wayward, as the mind of a man who turns not only with another's feeling and wish, but even with his look and nod? Amic. 25.93"negat quis, negō;'Someone says no, I say no; Amic. 25.93ait, āiō;he says yes, I say yes; Amic. 25.93postrēmō imperāvī egomet mihi omnia assentārī," ut ait īdem Terentius, sed ille in Gnathōnis persōnā, quod amīcī genus adhibēre omnīnō levitātis est.in short, I have ordered myself to agree with everything,' as the same Terence says, but he says it in the character of Gnatho, and to take up a friend of that kind at all is a mark of fickleness.

Amic. 25.94Multī autem Gnathōnum similēs, cum sint locō fortūnā fāmā superiōrēs, quōrum est assentātiō molesta, cum ad vānitātem accessit auctōritās.But there are many like Gnatho, though superior in rank, fortune and reputation, whose flattery is harmful, since authority has been added to emptiness. Amic. 25.95Sēcernī autem blandus amīcus ā vērō et internōscī tam potest adhibitā dīligentiā, quam omnia fūcāta et simulāta ā sincērīs atque vērīs.A flattering friend can be distinguished and told apart from a true one, if care is used, just as everything painted and pretended can be from what is genuine and true. Amic. 25.95Cōntiō, quae ex imperītissimīs cōnstat, tamen iūdicāre solet, quid intersit inter populārem, id est assentātōrem et levem cīvem, et inter cōnstantem et vērum et gravem.A public assembly, though it consists of the most ignorant people, nevertheless usually judges what difference there is between a demagogue, that is, a flattering and shallow citizen, and one who is steadfast, true and serious. Amic. 25.96Quibus blanditiīs C. Papīrius nūper īnfluēbat in aurīs contiōnis, cum ferret lēgem dē tribūnīs plēbis reficiendīs!With what flatteries Gaius Papirius lately flowed into the ears of the assembly, when he was proposing a law for the re-election of tribunes of the plebs!

Amic. 25.96Dissuāsimus nōs, sed nihil dē mē, dē Scīpiōne dīcam libentius.I spoke against it, but I shall say nothing of myself; of Scipio I shall speak more gladly. Amic. 25.96Quanta illī, dī immortālēs, fuit gravitās, quanta in ōrātiōne maiestās!What dignity he had, immortal gods, what majesty in his speech! Amic. 25.96ut facile ducem populī Rōmānī, nōn comitem dīcerēs.so that you would readily have called him the leader of the Roman people, not their companion. Amic. 25.96Sed affuistis, et est in manibus ōrātiō.But you were there, and the speech is in everyone's hands. Amic. 25.96Itaque lēx populāris suffrāgiīs populī repudiāta est.And so the popular law was rejected by the votes of the people. Amic. 25.96Atque, ut ad mē redeam, meministis Q. Maximō frātre Scīpiōnis et L. Mancīnō cōnsulibus, quam populāris lēx dē sacerdōtiīs C. Licinī Crassī vidēbātur;And, to return to myself, you remember, in the consulship of Quintus Maximus, Scipio's brother, and Lucius Mancinus, how popular the law of Gaius Licinius Crassus about the priesthoods seemed; Amic. 25.96cooptātiō enim collēgiōrum ad populī beneficium trānsferēbātur.for the co-optation of the colleges was being transferred to the gift of the people.

Amic. 25.96(Atque is prīmus īnstituit in forum versus agere cum populō.) Tamen illīus vēndibilem ōrātiōnem religiō deōrum immortālium nōbīs dēfendentibus facile vincēbat.(And he was the first to begin the practice of facing towards the Forum when addressing the people.) Yet reverence for the immortal gods, with me defending it, easily overcame his saleable speech. Amic. 25.96Atque id āctum est praetōre mē, quīnquenniō ante quam cōnsul sum factus.And this took place when I was praetor, five years before I was made consul. Amic. 25.96Ita rē magis quam summā auctōritāte causa illa dēfēnsa est.Thus that cause was defended by its own merits more than by the highest authority.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×5, ablative absolute ×4, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (192 words)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
igitur, conj.therefore
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
moneō, -ēre, -uī, -ituswarn
proprius, -a, -umone's own, private; characteristic (of)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
līberē (adv.; comp. līberius)freely, frankly
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
nōn, adv.not
asperē (adv.)harshly, roughly, severely
patienter (adv.)patiently
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
repugnanter (adv.)reluctantly, grudgingly
sīc, adv.so, thus
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
pestis, -is f.plague, pest; ruin, destruction
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
adūlātiō, -ōnis f.flattery, fawning
blanditia, -ae f.flattery, coaxing; (pl.) endearments
assentātiō (adsentātiō), -ōnis f.flattery, servile agreement
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
enim, conj.for
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
notō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmark, note; single out
levis, -elight, slight
homō, hominis, m.man
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
fallāx, -ācisdeceitful, treacherous
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
omnis, -eall, every
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
vēritās, -ātis f.truth
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
simulātiō, -ōnis f.pretence
vitiōsus, -a, -umfaulty, defective, corrupt; vicious
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
que, enclitic conj.and
adulterō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcommit adultery
tum, adv.then, at that time
repugnō, -pugnāre, -pugnāvī, -pugnātusfight against, struggle, resist
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
dēleō, -ēre, dēlēvī, dēlētumdestroy, wipe out
sine, prep. with abl.without
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
nam, conj.for
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
quasi, conj.as if
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
sī, conj.if
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
semper, adv.always
sed, conj.but
varius, -a, -umvarious
commūtābilis, -echangeable, variable
multiplex, -icismanifold, many-sided
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
tam, adv.so
flexibilis, -eflexible, pliant; fickle
dēvius, -a, -umoff the main road, out of the way, remote; straying
modo, adv.only
sēnsus, -ūs m.feeling, sensation; perception; sentiment
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
nūtus, -ūs m.nod; will, command
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
assentor (adsentor), -ārī, -ātus sumagree with everything, flatter
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
persōna, -ae f.mask; character, role; personal standing
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
adhibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold to, employ, show
omnīnō, adv.altogether, wholly, entirely
levitās, -ātis f.lightness; fickleness
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
molestus, -a, -umtroublesome; molestus esse (+ dat.), to bother
vānitās, -ātis f.emptiness; boastfulness, idle talk
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
sēcernō, -cernere, -crēvī, -crētusseparate, set apart
blandus, -a, -umcoaxing, caressing, charming
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
internōscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nōtustell apart, distinguish
dīligentia, -ae, f.care, diligence, industry
fūcō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdye, colour; paint, disguise; (ppp.) counterfeit, fake
simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpretend
sincērus, -a, -umpure, sound, chaste
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
imperītus, -a, -uminexperienced, unskilled, ignorant
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
assentātor (adsentātor), -ōris m.flatterer, yes-man
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
cōnstāns, -antissteadfast, firm, resolute; consistent
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
nūper, adv.newly, lately, recently
īnfluō, -ere, -flūxīflow into
auris, -is, f.ear
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
lēx, lēgis f.law
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
reficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake anew, renew, repair
dissuādeō, -ēre, -suāsī, -suāsusadvise against, oppose
nōsplur. of ego
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
libenter, adv.willingly, gladly
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
deus, -ī, m.god
immortālis, -eimmortal
gravitās, -ātis f.weight, heaviness; dignity, seriousness
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
maiestās, -ātis f.greatness, dignity, majesty
facile, adv.easily
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
comes, -itis, m. and f.companion
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
manus, -ūs, f.hand
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
suffrāgium, -ī n.vote
repudiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumreject, refuse
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
meminī, meminisseremember
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
frāter, frātris, m.brother
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
sacerdōtium, -ī n.priesthood
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
cooptātiō, -ōnis f.election of new members by the existing members (co-optation)
collēgium (conlēgium), -ī n.board, body of colleagues
beneficium, -ī, n.well-doing, kindness, service, benefit
trānsferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātuscarry across, transfer
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
versus (adv.)toward, in the direction of (often after ad or in + acc.)
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
cum, prep, with abl.with
vēndibilis, -esaleable; popular, acceptable
religiō, -ōnis f.religious scruple, religious duty
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
quīnquennium, -ī n.period of five years
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
Cicero, De Amicitia. Latin text: W. A. Falconer, Cicero: De Senectute, De Amicitia, De Divinatione (Loeb, 1923), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.