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Cicero · De Amicitia

De Amicitia 22

Good men make lasting friends

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Amic. 22.1Sed plērīque perversē, nē dīcam impudenter, habēre tālem amīcum volunt, quālēs ipsī esse nōn possunt, quaeque ipsī nōn tribuunt amīcīs, haec ab eīs dēsīderant.But most people perversely, not to say shamelessly, want to have a friend such as they themselves cannot be, and what they do not give to their friends they expect from them. Amic. 22.1Pār est autem prīmum ipsum esse virum bonum, tum alterum similem suī quaerere.It is right, however, first to be a good man oneself, and then to look for another like oneself. Amic. 22.1In tālibus ea, quam iam dūdum trāctāmus, stabilitās amīcitiae cōnfirmārī potest, cum hominēs benevolentiā coniūnctī prīmum cupiditātibus eīs quibus cēterī serviunt imperābunt;Among such men that stability of friendship which we have long been discussing can be made firm, when men joined by goodwill will, first, master those desires to which others are slaves; Amic. 22.1deinde aequitāte iūstitiāque gaudēbunt omniaque alter prō alterō suscipiet;next, they will delight in fairness and justice, and each will undertake everything for the other; Amic. 22.1neque quicquam umquam nisi honestum et rēctum alter ab alterō postulābit, neque sōlum colent inter sē ac dīligent, sed etiam verēbuntur.and neither will ever demand of the other anything but what is honourable and right, and they will not only cherish and love each other, but also respect each other.

Amic. 22.1Nam maximum ōrnāmentum amīcitiae tollit, quī ex eā tollit verēcundiam.For he who takes respect out of friendship takes away its greatest ornament. Amic. 22.83Itaque in eīs perniciōsus est error, quī exīstimant libīdinum peccātōrumque omnium patēre in amīcitiā licentiam.And so those are in a pernicious error who think that in friendship licence lies open for every lust and wrongdoing. Amic. 22.83Virtūtum amīcitia adiūtrīx ā nātūrā data est, nōn vitiōrum comes, ut, quoniam sōlitāria nōn posset virtūs ad ea quae summa sunt pervenīre, coniūncta et cōnsociāta cum alterā pervenīret.Friendship was given by nature as the helper of the virtues, not the companion of the vices, so that, since virtue on its own could not attain the highest things, it might attain them when joined and allied with another. Amic. 22.83Quae sī quōs inter societās aut est aut fuit aut futūra est, eōrum est habendus ad summum nātūrae bonum optimus beātissimusque comitātus.If such a partnership exists, or has existed, or will exist between any people, their companionship must be held the best and happiest on the way to nature's highest good. Amic. 22.84Haec est, inquam, societās, in quā omnia īnsunt, quae putant hominēs expetenda—honestās glōria tranquillitās animī atque iūcunditās;This, I say, is the partnership in which are all the things that men think worth seeking: honour, glory, peace of mind and joy; Amic. 22.84ut et, cum haec adsint, beāta vīta sit, et sine hīs esse nōn possit Quod cum optimum maximumque sit, sī id volumus adipīscī, virtūtī opera danda est, sine quā nec amīcitiam neque ūllam rem expetendam cōnsequī possumus;so that, when these are present, life is happy, and without them it cannot be. And since this is the best and greatest thing, if we wish to attain it, we must devote ourselves to virtue, without which we can obtain neither friendship nor anything else worth seeking; Amic. 22.84eā vērō neglēctā quī sē amīcōs habēre arbitrantur, tum sē dēnique errāsse sentiunt, cum eōs gravis aliquis cāsus experīrī cōgit.but those who neglect virtue and think they have friends realise at last that they were mistaken when some grave misfortune forces them to put those friends to the test.

Amic. 22.85Quōcircā, dīcendum est enim saepius, cum iūdicārīs, dīligere oportet;Wherefore (for it must be said again and again) you ought to love when you have judged; Amic. 22.85nōn, cum dīlēxerīs, iūdicāre.not to judge when you have loved. Amic. 22.85Sed cum multīs in rēbus neglegentiā plectimur, tum maximē in amīcīs et dīligendīs et colendīs;But while we are punished for carelessness in many things, we are so above all in choosing and cultivating friends; Amic. 22.85praeposterīs enim ūtimur cōnsiliīs et ācta agimus, quod vetāmur vetere prōverbiō.for we follow topsy-turvy counsels and do what is already done, which an old proverb forbids us to do. Amic. 22.85Nam, implicātī ultrō et citrō vel ūsū diūturnō vel etiam officiīs, repente in mediō cursū amīcitiās exorta aliquā offēnsiōne disrumpimus.For after we have become entangled with each other, either by long intercourse or by services as well, suddenly, in mid-course, some offence arises and we break off our friendships.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×4, purpose clauses ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×7, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (161 words)
sed, conj.but
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
perversē (adv.)wrongly, perversely
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
impudenter (adv.)shamelessly, brazenly
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
tālis, -esuch
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
volō, velle, voluīwish
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
tribuō, -ere, tribuī, tribūtumassign, attribute
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslong for, miss; require
pār, parisequal
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
vir, virī, m.man
bonus, -a, -umgood
tum, adv.then, at that time
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
iam, adv.now, already
dūdum, adv.formerly, of old; iam dūdum, this long time
trāctō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushandle, touch, feel
stabilitās, -ātis f.steadiness, firmness
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātusstrengthen, establish; declare, assert
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
homō, hominis, m.man
benevolentia, -ae f.goodwill, kindness
coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin together, join
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
serviō, -ire, -īvī, -ītusbe subject to, serve
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
deinde, adv.then, next
aequitās, -ātis f.fairness, justice
iūstitia, -ae f.justice, fairness
que, enclitic conj.and
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
omnis, -eall, every
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
umquam, adv.ever
nisi, conj.if not, unless
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
rēctus, -a, -umdirect, straight
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
dīligō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctuslove, value highly
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
nam, conj.for
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
ōrnāmentum, -ī n.honour, distinction; ornament
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
verēcundia, -ae f.modesty, respect, deference
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
perniciōsus, -a, -umdestructive, ruinous, dangerous
error, -ōris m.wandering; mistake, error
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
peccātum, -ī n.fault, sin
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
licentia, -ae f.freedom; lack of restraint, lawlessness
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
adiūtrīx, -īcis f.helper, assistant (female)
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
comes, -itis, m. and f.companion
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quoniam, conj.since now, since
sōlitārius, -a, -umsolitary, alone, standing by itself
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
cōnsociō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusjoin together, share
cum, prep, with abl.with
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
societās, -ātis f.alliance, partnership
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
beātus, -a, -umhappy, blessed
comitātus, -ūs m.escort, retinue, company
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
īnsum, inesse, īnfuībe in, be present in (dat.)
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
expetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītusseek eagerly, desire
honestās, -ātis f.honor, integrity
glōria, -ae, f.glory
tranquillitās, -tātis, f.calm
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
iūcunditās, -ātis f.delight, pleasure, joy; pleasantness, charm
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
vīta, -ae, f.life
sine, prep. with abl.without
adipīscor, -ī, adeptus sumobtain, win, gain
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
ūllus, -a, -umany
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, follow; overtake
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusdisregard, neglect
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswander, stray; be mistaken
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
experior, -īrī, expertus sumtry, test, experience
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
quōcircā (adv.)for which reason, therefore
enim, conj.for
saepe, adv.often, frequently
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
neglegentia, -ae f.carelessness, neglect
plectō, -ere, plexī, plexusplait, weave, twist
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
praeposterus, -a, -umin the wrong order, back to front; perverse
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
vetō, -āre, vetuī, vetitumforbid
vetus, veterisold, former
prōverbium, -ī n.proverb, saying
implicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusentangle, entwine; involve
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
citrō (adv.)this way (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
velor; vel … vel: either … or
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
diūturnus, -a, -umlong-lasting
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
repente (adv.)suddenly
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
exorior, -orīrī, -ortusarise from, spring up, rise
offēnsiō, -ōnis f.offence, hurt feelings
disrumpō (dīrumpō), -ere, -rūpī, -ruptusbreak apart, shatter, sever
Cicero, De Amicitia. Latin text: W. A. Falconer, Cicero: De Senectute, De Amicitia, De Divinatione (Loeb, 1923), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.