Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 3
De Bello Gallico 3.28
The Morini and Menapii
Caesar, De Bello Gallico III. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
Tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and track your reading.
Read in Lectitō3.28.1Eōdem ferē tempore Caesar, etsī prope exācta iam aestās erat, tamen, quod omnī Galliā pācātā Morinī Menapiīque supererant, quī in armīs essent neque ad eum umquam lēgātōs dē pāce mīsissent, arbitrātus id bellum celeriter cōnficī posse eō exercitum dūxit;
At about the same time, although summer was almost over, Caesar nevertheless led his army there, because, with all Gaul at peace, the Morini and Menapii remained, who were in arms and had never sent envoys to him about peace, and he thought that this war could be finished quickly;
3.28.1quī longē aliā ratiōne ac reliquī Gallī bellum gerere coepērunt.
they began to wage war in a way very different from the rest of the Gauls.
3.28.2Nam quod intellegēbant maximās nātiōnēs, quae proeliō contendissent, pulsās superātāsque esse, continentēsque silvās ac palūdēs habēbant, eō sē suaque omnia contulērunt.
For since they understood that the greatest peoples who had fought in pitched battle had been beaten and defeated, and they had continuous forests and marshes, they took themselves and all their property there.
3.28.3Ad quārum initium silvārum cum Caesar pervēnisset castraque mūnīre īnstituisset neque hostis interim vīsus esset, dispersīs in opere nostrīs subitō ex omnibus partibus silvae ēvolāvērunt et in nostrōs impetum fēcērunt.
When Caesar had reached the edge of these forests and had begun to fortify a camp, and no enemy had been seen in the meantime, while our men were scattered at their work the enemy suddenly rushed out from every part of the forest and attacked them.
3.28.4Nostrī celeriter arma cēpērunt eōsque in silvās repulērunt et complūribus interfectīs longius impedītiōribus locīs secūtī paucōs ex suīs dēperdidērunt.
Our men quickly took up arms and drove them back into the forest; after killing several of them they followed too far into difficult ground and lost a few of their own.
Vocabulary
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| ferē, adv. | nearly, about, almost, for the most part |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| etsī, conj. | even if, although |
| prope (adv. and prep. + acc.) | near, nearly |
| exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum | drive out; finish, spend (a season) |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| aestās, -tātis, f. | summer |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| pācō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | subdue, pacify |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| supersum, -esse, -fuī | be over or left, remain |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| arma, -ōrum, n. plur. | arms, weapons |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| umquam, adv. | ever |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| pāx, pācis f. | peace |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| arbitror, -ārī, -ātus | consider, think, judge |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| celeriter, adv. | swiftly, quickly |
| cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| eō (adv.) | to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more) |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus | lead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry |
| longē, adv. | far |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| ratiō, -ōnis, f. | plan, means, method, manner; reason; account |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action) | have begun, began |
| nam, conj. | for |
| intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctus | perceive, understand |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| nātiō, -ōnis f. | people, nation; birth |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch, hasten |
| pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus | drive, drive away, beat, rout |
| superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | overcome, defeat, conquer |
| continēns, -entis, f. | 'mainland, continent |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| palūs, -ūdis, f. | swamp, marsh |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātus | bring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way |
| initium, -ī, n. | beginning |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come through, come, arrive, reach |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | fortify |
| īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus | decide upon, determine |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| interim (adv.) | meanwhile |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| dispergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersum | scatter |
| opus, operis, n. | work, task |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| subitō, adv. | unexpectedly, suddenly |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| ēvolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | fly out, rush out |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| impetus, -ūs, m. | attack; impetum facere, to charge |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |
| repellō, repellere, reppulī, repulsus | drive back or away, repulse, repel |
| complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj. | several, many |
| interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | put out of the way, kill |
| impedītus, -a, -um | hindered; hard to cross, impassable |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| sequor, sequī, secūtus | follow |
| paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | few |
| dēperdō, -ere, dēperdidī, dēperditum | lose |