| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| ferē, adv. | nearly, about, almost, for the most part |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| etsī, conj. | even if, although |
| prope (adv. and prep. + acc.) | near, nearly |
| exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum | drive out; finish, spend (a season) |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| aestās, -tātis, f. | summer |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| pācō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | subdue, pacify |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| supersum, -esse, -fuī | be over or left, remain |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| arma, -ōrum, n. plur. | arms, weapons |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| umquam, adv. | ever |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| pāx, pācis f. | peace |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| arbitror, -ārī, -ātus | consider, think, judge |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| celeriter, adv. | swiftly, quickly |
| cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| eō (adv.) | to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more) |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus | lead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry |
| longē, adv. | far |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| ratiō, -ōnis, f. | plan, means, method, manner; reason; account |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action) | have begun, began |
| nam, conj. | for |
| intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctus | perceive, understand |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| nātiō, -ōnis f. | people, nation; birth |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch, hasten |
| pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus | drive, drive away, beat, rout |
| superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | overcome, defeat, conquer |
| continēns, -entis, f. | 'mainland, continent |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| palūs, -ūdis, f. | swamp, marsh |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātus | bring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way |
| initium, -ī, n. | beginning |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come through, come, arrive, reach |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | fortify |
| īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus | decide upon, determine |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| interim (adv.) | meanwhile |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| dispergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersum | scatter |
| opus, operis, n. | work, task |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| subitō, adv. | unexpectedly, suddenly |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| ēvolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | fly out, rush out |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| impetus, -ūs, m. | attack; impetum facere, to charge |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |
| repellō, repellere, reppulī, repulsus | drive back or away, repulse, repel |
| complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj. | several, many |
| interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | put out of the way, kill |
| impedītus, -a, -um | hindered; hard to cross, impassable |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| sequor, sequī, secūtus | follow |
| paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | few |
| dēperdō, -ere, dēperdidī, dēperditum | lose |