LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 3

De Bello Gallico 3.29

Winter quarters

Caesar, De Bello Gallico III. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

Tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and track your reading.

Read in Lectitō

3.29.1Reliquīs deinceps diēbus Caesar silvās caedere īnstituit, et nē quis inermibus imprūdentibusque mīlitibus ab latere impetus fierī posset, omnem eam māteriam quae erat caesa conversam ad hostem conlocābat et prō vallō ad utrumque latus extruēbat.

For the rest of the days in succession Caesar began to cut down the forest, and so that no attack could be made on the flank of soldiers who were unarmed and off guard, he placed all the timber that had been cut facing the enemy and piled it up on both sides as a rampart.

Note. nē quis … impetus: 'so that no attack', quis is the indefinite after nē.

3.29.2Incrēdibilī celeritāte magnō spatiō paucīs diēbus cōnfectō, cum iam pecus atque extrēma impedīmenta ā nostrīs tenērentur, ipsī dēnsiōrēs silvās peterent, eius modī sunt tempestātēs cōnsecūtae utī opus necessāriō intermitterētur et continuātiōne imbrium diūtius sub pellibus mīlitēs continērī nōn possent.

When a great space had been cleared with amazing speed in a few days, and the cattle and the rear of the baggage were already in our men's hands while the enemy were making for the thicker forest, such storms followed that the work had to be stopped, and because of the constant rain the soldiers could no longer be kept under canvas.

Note. eius modī … utī: 'such … that', a result clause. sub pellibus: 'under hides', i.e. in leather tents.

3.29.3Itaque vāstātīs omnibus eōrum agrīs, vīcīs aedificiīsque incēnsīs, Caesar exercitum redūxit et in Aulercīs Lexoviīsque, reliquīs item cīvitātibus quae proximē bellum fēcerant, in hībernīs conlocāvit.

So after laying waste all their fields and burning their villages and buildings, Caesar led his army back and placed it in winter quarters among the Aulerci and Lexovii and the other states which had most recently made war.

Vocabulary

reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
deinceps (adv.)one after another, in succession
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
inermis, -eunarmed
imprūdēns, -entisoff guard, unaware
que, enclitic conj.and
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
latus, lateris n.side, flank
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
omnis, -eall, every
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
māteria, -ae f.timber, material
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
collocō (conlocō), -āre, -āvī, -ātumplace, station; give in marriage
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
exstruō, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctuspile or heap up, build, erect
incrēdibilis, eincredible
celeritās, -tātis, f.swiftness, quickness, speed
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
iam, adv.now, already
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
impedīmentum, -ī n.hindrance; (pl.) baggage
noster, -tra, -trumour
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
dēnsus, -a, -umthick
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, follow; overtake
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
opus, operis, n.work, task
necessāriō (adv.)of necessity, unavoidably
intermittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missusleave off, interrupt; let pass; pass., be left between, intervene, elapse
continuātiō, -ōnis f.unbroken succession
imber, imbris, m.rain, shower
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
pellis, -is, f.hide, skin, pelt
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
nōn, adv.not
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay waste
ager, agri, m.field, land
vīcus, -ī, m.village
aedificium, -ī n.building
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
redūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or bring back; restore
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
itemlikewise, also
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
proximē (adv.)most recently; nearest
bellum, -ī, n.war
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
Advertisement
Caesar, De Bello Gallico III. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.