Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 3
De Bello Gallico 3.29
Winter quarters
Caesar, De Bello Gallico III. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō3.29.1Reliquīs deinceps diēbus Caesar silvās caedere īnstituit, et nē quis inermibus imprūdentibusque mīlitibus ab latere impetus fierī posset, omnem eam māteriam quae erat caesa conversam ad hostem conlocābat et prō vallō ad utrumque latus extruēbat.
For the rest of the days in succession Caesar began to cut down the forest, and so that no attack could be made on the flank of soldiers who were unarmed and off guard, he placed all the timber that had been cut facing the enemy and piled it up on both sides as a rampart.
Note. nē quis … impetus: 'so that no attack', quis is the indefinite after nē.
3.29.2Incrēdibilī celeritāte magnō spatiō paucīs diēbus cōnfectō, cum iam pecus atque extrēma impedīmenta ā nostrīs tenērentur, ipsī dēnsiōrēs silvās peterent, eius modī sunt tempestātēs cōnsecūtae utī opus necessāriō intermitterētur et continuātiōne imbrium diūtius sub pellibus mīlitēs continērī nōn possent.
When a great space had been cleared with amazing speed in a few days, and the cattle and the rear of the baggage were already in our men's hands while the enemy were making for the thicker forest, such storms followed that the work had to be stopped, and because of the constant rain the soldiers could no longer be kept under canvas.
Note. eius modī … utī: 'such … that', a result clause. sub pellibus: 'under hides', i.e. in leather tents.
3.29.3Itaque vāstātīs omnibus eōrum agrīs, vīcīs aedificiīsque incēnsīs, Caesar exercitum redūxit et in Aulercīs Lexoviīsque, reliquīs item cīvitātibus quae proximē bellum fēcerant, in hībernīs conlocāvit.
So after laying waste all their fields and burning their villages and buildings, Caesar led his army back and placed it in winter quarters among the Aulerci and Lexovii and the other states which had most recently made war.
Vocabulary
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| deinceps (adv.) | one after another, in succession |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesum | cut, cut down; kill |
| īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus | decide upon, determine |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| quis, qua, quid, indef. pron. | any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something |
| inermis, -e | unarmed |
| imprūdēns, -entis | off guard, unaware |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| latus, lateris n. | side, flank |
| impetus, -ūs, m. | attack; impetum facere, to charge |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be done or made, become, happen |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| māteria, -ae f. | timber, material |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versus | turn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| collocō (conlocō), -āre, -āvī, -ātum | place, station; give in marriage |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| vallum, -ī n. | rampart, palisade |
| uterque, utraque, utrumque | each, either, both |
| exstruō, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctus | pile or heap up, build, erect |
| incrēdibilis, e | incredible |
| celeritās, -tātis, f. | swiftness, quickness, speed |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| spatium, -ī, n. | space, interval; space of time, time |
| paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | few |
| cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| pecus, pecoris, n. | herd, flock, cattle |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| extrēmus, -a, -um | last, extreme, furthest |
| impedīmentum, -ī n. | hindrance; (pl.) baggage |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tus | hold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| dēnsus, -a, -um | thick |
| petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus | seek, ask; attack |
| modus, -ī, m. | way, manner |
| tempestās, -tātis, f. | weather; storm, tempest |
| cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtus | follow up, follow; overtake |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| opus, operis, n. | work, task |
| necessāriō (adv.) | of necessity, unavoidably |
| intermittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | leave off, interrupt; let pass; pass., be left between, intervene, elapse |
| continuātiō, -ōnis f. | unbroken succession |
| imber, imbris, m. | rain, shower |
| diū, adv. | for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp |
| sub, prep. with acc. and abl. | under; sub vesperum, towards evening |
| pellis, -is, f. | hide, skin, pelt |
| contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold together, keep within, shut up in; bound |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| itaque, adv. | and so, accordingly, therefore |
| vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | lay waste |
| ager, agri, m. | field, land |
| vīcus, -ī, m. | village |
| aedificium, -ī n. | building |
| incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsum | set on fire, burn |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| redūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead or bring back; restore |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| item | likewise, also |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| proximē (adv.) | most recently; nearest |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| hīberna, -ōrum n. pl. | winter quarters |