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Vergil · Aeneid IX

Aeneid 9.314–366

Slaughter in the Rutulian camp

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Aen. 9.314Ēgressī superant fossās noctisque per umbram
315castra inimīca petunt, multīs tamen ante futūrī
exitiō.
Going out, they cross the ditches and through the shadow of night make for the enemy camp, yet destined first to be the death of many.
Aen. 9.316Passim somnō vīnōque per herbam
corpora fūsa vident, arrēctōs lītore currūs,
inter lōra rotāsque virōs, simul arma iacēre,
vīna simul.
Everywhere they see bodies sprawled on the grass in sleep and wine, chariots tilted up on the shore, men lying among the reins and wheels, arms lying about, and wine as well.
Aen. 9.319Prior Hyrtacidēs sīc ōre locūtus:
320Euryale, audendum dextrā;
The son of Hyrtacus spoke first thus: 'Euryalus, we must be bold with our right hands;
Aen. 9.320nunc ipsa vocat rēs.now the occasion itself calls. Aen. 9.321Hāc iter est.Our way lies here. Aen. 9.321Tū, nē qua manus sē attollere nōbīs
ā tergō possit, custōdī et cōnsule longē;
You, so that no band can rise against us from behind, keep watch and look out far around;
Aen. 9.323haec ego vāsta dabō et lātō tē līmite dūcam.I will lay waste here and lead you on by a broad path.' Aen. 9.324Sīc memorat vōcemque premit;So he speaks and checks his voice; Aen. 9.324simul ēnse superbum
325Rhamnētem adgreditur, quī forte tapētibus altīs
exstrūctus tōtō prōflābat pectore somnum.
at once he attacks proud Rhamnes with his sword, who, as it happened, propped up on high rugs, was breathing out sleep from his whole chest.

Aen. 9.327Rēx īdem et rēgī Turnō grātissimus augur,
sed nōn auguriō potuit dēpellere pestem.
He was a king himself, and the augur most dear to King Turnus, but he could not ward off destruction by augury.
Aen. 9.329Trīs iūxtā famulōs temerē inter tēla iacentīs
330armigerumque Remī premit aurīgamque sub ipsīs
nanctus equīs ferrōque secat pendentia colla;
He cuts down three attendants lying carelessly near him among their weapons, and the armour-bearer of Remus, and catching the charioteer right beneath the horses, he severs their drooping necks with the sword;
Aen. 9.332tum caput ipsī aufert dominō truncumque relinquit
sanguine singultantem;
then he takes off the head of their master himself and leaves the trunk gurgling blood;
Aen. 9.333ātrō tepefacta cruōre
terrā torīque madent.
the ground and the couch are soaked, warmed with dark gore.
Aen. 9.334Nec nōn Lamyrumque Lamumque
335et iuvenem Serrānum, illā quī plūrimā nocte
lūserat, īnsignis faciē, multōque iacēbat
membra deō victus: fēlīx, sī prōtinus illum
aequāsset noctī lūdum in lūcemque tulisset.
Lamyrus too he slays, and Lamus, and young Serranus, who had played long into that night, remarkable for his looks, and lay with his limbs overcome by much of the god: fortunate, if he had made that game last as long as the night and carried it on into the light.

Aen. 9.339Impāstus ceu plēna leō per ovīlia turbāns
340(suādet enim vēsāna famēs) manditque trahitque
molle pecus mūtumque metū, fremit ōre cruentō:
nec minor Euryalī caedēs;
Like an unfed lion causing havoc through full sheepfolds (for maddened hunger drives him), he mauls and drags the soft flock, dumb with fear, and roars with bloody mouth: no less is the slaughter of Euryalus;
Aen. 9.342incēnsus et ipse
perfurit ac multam in mediō sine nōmine plēbem,
Fadumque Herbēsumque subit Rhoetumque Abarimque,
345ignārōs, Rhoetum vigilantem et cūncta videntem,
sed magnum metuēns sē post crātēra tegēbat;
he too, inflamed, rages on, and falls upon a great nameless crowd in his path, and Fadus and Herbesus, and Rhoetus and Abaris, unaware; Rhoetus was awake and saw everything, but in fear was hiding behind a great mixing-bowl;
Aen. 9.347pectore in adversō tōtum cui comminus ēnsem
condidit adsurgentī et multā morte recēpit.
as he rose, Euryalus buried the whole sword in his breast at close quarters and drew it back with much death.
Aen. 9.349Purpuream vomit ille animam et cum sanguine mīxta
350vīna refert moriēns;
He vomits out his crimson life and, dying, brings up wine mixed with blood;
Aen. 9.350hic fūrtō fervidus īnstat.the other presses on hotly with his stealthy work.

Aen. 9.351Iamque ad Messāpī sociōs tendēbat;And now he was making for the comrades of Messapus; Aen. 9.351ibi ignem
dēficere extrēmum et religātōs rīte vidēbat
carpere grāmen equōs: breviter cum tālia Nīsus.
there he saw the last of the fire dying down, and the horses, tethered in due order, cropping the grass, when Nisus briefly spoke thus,
Aen. 9.354sēnsit enim nimiā caede atque cupīdine ferrī:
355Absistāmus, ait, nam lūx inimīca propinquat.
for he sensed that his friend was carried away by excessive slaughter and desire: 'Let us stop,' he says, 'for hostile daylight is approaching.
Aen. 9.356Poenārum exhaustum satis est, via facta per hostīs.Enough vengeance has been exacted; a way has been made through the enemy.' Aen. 9.357Multa virum solidō argentō perfecta relinquunt
armaque crātērasque simul pulchrōsque tapētas.
They leave behind many things of the men's wrought in solid silver, and arms, and mixing-bowls too, and beautiful rugs.
Aen. 9.359Euryalus phalerās Rhamnētis et aurea bullīs
360cingula, Tīburtī Remulō dītissimus ōlim
quae mittit dōna hospitiō cum iungeret absēns
Caedicus, ille suō moriēns dat habēre nepōtī,
haec rapit atque umerīs nēquīquam fortibus aptat.
Euryalus seizes the trappings of Rhamnes and his belt with golden studs, gifts which once the wealthy Caedicus sent to Remulus of Tibur when, though absent, he was forming a bond of friendship; Remulus, dying, gives them to his grandson to have; these Euryalus snatches and fits to his shoulders, brave in vain.

Aen. 9.365Tum galeam Messāpī habilem cristīsque decōram
induit.
Then he puts on the helmet of Messapus, well-fitting and handsome with its crest.
Aen. 9.366Excēdunt castrīs et tūta capessunt.They leave the camp and make for safety.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (243 words)
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo out or forth, go ashore, disembark
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
fossa, -ae, f.ditch, trench
nox, noctis, f.night
que, enclitic conj.and
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
exitium, -ī n.destruction, ruin
passim (adv.)here and there, in all directions
somnus, -ī, m.sleep, drowsiness
vīnum, -ī, n.wine
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
corpus, corporis, n.body
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
arrigō (adrigō), -ere, -rēxī, -rēctusset upright; rouse, excite
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
currus, -ūs, m.chariot, car
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
lōrum, -ī n.strap; (pl.) reins
rota, -ae f.wheel
vir, virī, m.man
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
iaceō, -ēre, -uīlie, be prostrate
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
sīc, adv.so, thus
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
dextra, -ae, f.right hand (manus understood)
nunc, adv.now
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
manus, -ūs, f.hand
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
attollō, -erelift up, raise
nōsplur. of ego
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
tergum, -ī, n.back
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
custōdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusguard
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
longē, adv.far
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
vāstus, -a, -umwaste, huge, enormous, vast
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
lātus, -a, -umbroad, wide
līmes, -itis m.path, track; boundary
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
ēnsis, -is m.sword (a poetic word)
superbus, -a, -umproud, arrogant, haughty
adgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumapproach; address; attack; undertake
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
tapēs, -ētis m.carpet, rug, coverlet
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
exstruō, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctuspile or heap up, build, erect
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
prōflō, -ārebreathe out, snort forth
pectus, pectoris, n.breast
rēx, rēgis, m.king
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
augur, -uris m.augur, a priest who read the will of the gods from birds and signs
sed, conj.but
nōn, adv.not
augurium, -ī n.augury, the reading of signs from birds; omen
dēpellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive off or away, drive
pestis, -is f.plague, pest; ruin, destruction
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
iūxtā (adv. and prep. + acc.)nearby; next to
famulus, -ī m.servant, slave
temerē, adv.rashly
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
armiger, -erī m.armour-bearer, squire
aurīga, -ae m.charioteer, driver
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
nancīscor, nancīscī, nactusget, obtain, find
equus, -ī, m.horse
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
secō, -āre, secuī, sectuscut; (of fodder) mow
pendeō, -ēre, pependīhang, be suspended; hover
collum, -ī, n.neck
tum, adv.then, at that time
caput, capitis, n.head
auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātusbear away, carry off
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
truncus, -ī m.tree trunk
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
singultō, -āresob, gasp; gurgle out
āter, ātra, ātrumblack, dark; gloomy
tepefaciō, -ere, -fēcī, -factusmake warm, warm
cruor, -ōris m.blood (shed), gore
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
torus, -ī m.cushion, mattress; couch
madeō, -ēre, -uībe wet
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
lūdō, -ere, lūsī, lūsumplay; mock, deceive
īnsignis, -enotable, remarkable
faciēs, -ēī f.face; appearance
membrum, -ī, n.limb, member
deus, -ī, m.god
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
fēlīx, -īcisfortunate, lucky, happy
sī, conj.if
prōtinus (adv.)straight on; at once
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
lūdus, -ī, m.game, sport
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
lūx, lūcis, f.light
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
impāstus, -a, -umunfed, hungry
ceu (adv.)as, like, just as
plēnus, -a, -umfull
leō, -ōnis, m.lion
ovīle, -is n.sheepfold
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
suādeō, -ēre, suāsī, suāsusadvise, urge
enim, conj.for
vēsānus, -a, -ummad, insane, frenzied
famēs, -is, abl. famē, f.hunger
mandō, -ere, mandī, mānsuschew, eat
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
mollis, -esoft, weak
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
mūtus, -a, -umdumb, silent, speechless
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
fremō, -ere, -uī, -itumroar, growl; grumble (in + acc.: at)
cruentus, -a, -umbloody, blood-stained
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
perfurō, -ererage wildly
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
medium, -ī n.the middle; in mediō: in the midst
sine, prep. with abl.without
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
ignārus, -a, -umignorant
vigilō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstay awake, keep watch; be watchful
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
crātēr, -ēris m. (acc. crātēra)mixing bowl for wine
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
comminus (adv.)hand to hand, at close quarters
condō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput together, found; store away
adsurgō (assurgō), -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctusrise up, stand up; rise (from illness)
mors, mortīs, f.death
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
purpureus, -a, -umpurple, dyed purple
vomō, -ere, -uī, -itusvomit, spew out, pour forth
anima, -ae, f.breath, soul, life
cum, prep, with abl.with
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
morior, morī, mortuusdie
fūrtum, -ī, n.theft
fervidus, -a, -umboiling, burning; fiery, hot-headed
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
iam, adv.now, already
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
ibi, adv.in that place, there
ignis, -is, m.fire
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
religō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustie back, bind up
rīte, adv.duly, fitly
carpō, -ere, -sī, -tuspluck
grāmen, -inis n.grass, turf
breviter (adv.)briefly, in a few words
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
tālis, -esuch
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
nimius, -a, -umexcessive, too great
cupīdō, -inis f. (in Sallust also m.)desire, longing, greed
absistō, -ere, abstitīstand away from, keep off
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
nam, conj.for
propinquō, -āre, -āvīdraw near, approach
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
exhaurio, -haurīre, -hausī, -haustusdrink up or off, drain
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
via, -ae, f.road, way
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
solidus, -a, -umwhole, complete, solid
argentum, -ī, n.silver
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
phalerae, -ārum f. pl.metal discs worn as ornaments, esp. on horses' harness; trappings
aureus, -a, -umof gold, golden
bulla, -ae f.boss, stud (of metal, as decoration on a belt or door); bubble
Tīburs, -urtisof Tibur
dīves, dīvitis (superl. dītissimus)rich
ōlim, adv.once upon a time, once, formerly, of old
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
hospitium, -ī, n.hospitality
iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctusjoin; yoke, harness
absēns, -entisabsent, away
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
nepōs, nepōtis, m.grandson
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
umerus, -ī, m.shoulder
nēquīquam (adv.)in vain, without reason
fortis, -ebrave
aptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfit, adjust, make ready
galea, -ae, f.helmet
habilis, -ehandy, easy to manage
crista, -ae f.crest, plume (of a helmet)
decōrus, -a, -umhandsome, fine, splendid
induō, induere, induī, indūtusput on; clothe
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
capessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītustake hold of; rem pūblicam capessere: go into public life
Vergil, Aeneid IX. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.