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Vergil · Aeneid VIII

Aeneid 8.306–336

Evander tells of early Latium

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Aen. 8.306Exim sē cūnctī dīvīnīs rēbus ad urbem
perfectīs referunt.
Then, the sacred rites completed, they all make their way back to the city.
Aen. 8.307Ībat rēx obsitus aevō
et comitem Aenēān iūxtā nātumque tenēbat
ingrediēns variōque viam sermōne levābat.
The king walked, beset with age, and kept Aeneas and his son beside him as companions as he went, and lightened the way with varied talk.
Aen. 8.310mīrātur facilīsque oculōs fert omnia circum
Aenēās capiturque locīs et singula laetus
exquīritque auditque virum monimenta priōrum.
Aeneas marvels and turns his ready eyes on everything around, and is captivated by the places, and gladly asks about and hears of each memorial of the men of old.
Aen. 8.313Tum rēx Euandrus, Rōmānae conditor arcis:
Haec nemora indigenae faunī nymphaeque tenēbant
315gēnsque virum truncīs et dūrō rōbore nāta,
Quīs neque mōs neque cultus erat, nec iungere taurōs
aut compōnere opēs nōrant aut parcere partō,
sed rāmī atque asper vīctū vēnātus alēbat.
Then King Evander, founder of the Roman citadel: 'These groves were held by native Fauns and Nymphs, and a race of men born from tree trunks and hard oak, who had no custom or culture, and did not know how to yoke bulls or to store up wealth or to husband what they had gained, but branches and hunting, a harsh way of living, fed them.

Aen. 8.319Prīmus ab aetheriō vēnit Sāturnus Olympō,
320arma Iovis fugiēns et regnīs exsul adēmptīs.
First came Saturn from heavenly Olympus, fleeing the arms of Jupiter, an exile from his stolen kingdom.
Aen. 8.321Is genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altīs
composuit lēgēsque dedit Latiumque vocārī
māluit, hīs quoniam latuisset tūtīs in ōrīs.
He brought together the unruly race, scattered over the high mountains, and gave them laws, and chose that the land be called Latium, since he had lain hidden safe on these shores.
Aen. 8.324Aurea quae perhibent illō sub rēge fuēre
325saecula.
Under that king were the ages they call golden.
Aen. 8.325Sīc placidā populōs in pāce regēbat,
dēterior dōnec paulātim ac dēcolor aetās
et bellī rabiēs et amor successit habendī.
So he ruled the peoples in tranquil peace, until little by little a worse and tarnished age took its place, and the madness of war and the love of possession.
Aen. 8.328Tum manus Ausonia et gentēs vēnēre Sicānae,
saepius et nōmen posuit Sāturnia tellūs;
Then came the Ausonian band and the Sicanian peoples, and more often the land of Saturn laid aside its name;
Aen. 8.330tum rēgēs asperque immānī corpore Thybris,
ā quō post Italī fluvium cognōmine Thybrim
dīximus, āmīsit vērum vetus Albula nōmen;
then came kings, and fierce Thybris of huge body, after whom we Italians later called the river by the name Thybris; old Albula lost its true name;
Aen. 8.333mē pulsum patriā pelagīque extrēma sequentem
Fortūna omnipotēns et inēluctābile fātum
335hīs posuēre locīs mātrisque ēgēre tremenda
Carmentis nymphae monita et deus auctor Apollo.
me, driven from my homeland and following the furthest reaches of the sea, all-powerful Fortune and inescapable fate settled in these places, and the awesome warnings of my mother, the nymph Carmentis, and the god Apollo, my guide, drove me here.'

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (148 words)
exim (exin) (adv.)thereupon, then, next
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
dīvīnus, -a, -umdivine, of the gods
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
urbs, urbis, f.city
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
rēx, rēgis, m.king
obserō, -serere, -sēvī, -situssow, plant; cover, fill
aevum, -ī n.age, lifetime; old age
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
comes, -itis, m. and f.companion
iūxtā (adv. and prep. + acc.)nearby; next to
nātus, -ī m.son; (pl.) children
que, enclitic conj.and
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
varius, -a, -umvarious
via, -ae, f.road, way
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
levō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslift; lighten, relieve
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
oculus, -ī, m.eye
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
omnis, -eall, every
circum, prep. with acc.around
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
exquīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītumsearch out, find out
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
vir, virī, m.man
monumentum, -ī n.memorial, monument; record
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
tum, adv.then, at that time
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
conditor, -ōris m.founder
arx, arcis f.citadel, stronghold
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
nemus, -oris n.grove, wood
indigena, -ae m./f.native (of a place); as adj. native-born
nympha, -ae, f.nymph
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
truncus, -ī m.tree trunk
dūrus, -a, -umhard; harsh; difficult
rōbur, rōboris, n.oak
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
cultus, -ūs m.way of life; civilization, refinement
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctusjoin; yoke, harness
taurus, -ī, m.bull
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput together; mend, set in order
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtumget to know (perf. nōvī: know)
parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsūrusspare, show mercy to (+ dat.)
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
sed, conj.but
rāmus, -ī, m.branch, bough
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
asper, -era, -erumrough, harsh; difficult
vīctus, -ūs, m.sustenance, food
vēnātus, -ūs m.hunting, the chase; game
alō, -ere, -uī, -tusnourish
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
aetherius, -a, -umof the upper air, heavenly
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
exsul, -ulis m.exile, banished person
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
indocilis, -eunteachable, unable to learn (to)
dispergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersumscatter
mōns, montis, m.mountain
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
lēx, lēgis f.law
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
quoniam, conj.since now, since
lateō, -ēre, -uīlie hid, be concealed
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
aureus, -a, -umof gold, golden
perhibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold out, present; testimōnium perhibēre: bear witness
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
saeculum, -ī n.generation, age; century
sīc, adv.so, thus
placidus, -a, -umcalm, gentle
populus, -ī m.people, nation
pāx, pācis f.peace
regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctumguide, steer, rule
dēterior, -iusworse, poorer
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
paulātim (adv.)little by little, gradually
dēcolor, -ōrisdiscoloured, faded; dark-skinned; degenerate
aetās, -tātis, f.age
bellum, -ī, n.war
rabiēs, -ēī f.madness, fury
amor, -ōris, m.love
succēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo or come under, follow after, succeed
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
manus, -ūs, f.hand
Ausonius, -a, -umAusonian, Italian (Ausonia: a poetic name for Italy)
Sicānus, -a, -umSicilian
saepe, adv.often, frequently
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
tellūs, -ūris f.earth, land (poetic)
immānis, -ehuge, enormous; savage
corpus, corporis, n.body
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
fluvius, -ī m.river, stream
cognōmen, -inis n.surname, added name, nickname
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
vetus, veterisold, former
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
pelagus, -ī n.the sea, the open sea
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
omnipotēns, -entisall-powerful
inēluctābilis, -einescapable
fātum, -ī, n.destiny, fate
māter, mātris, f.mother
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
tremō, -ere, -uītremble, shake
monitum, -ī n.warning, advice, command
deus, -ī, m.god
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
Vergil, Aeneid VIII. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.