| nūntius, -ī, m. | messenger; message |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| tumulus, -ī m. | mound, hillock |
| cuneus, -ī m. | wedge; a wedge-shaped formation of troops |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| theātrum, -ī n. | theatre |
| incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsum | set on fire, burn |
| perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus | bear through, bear, endure; weather |
| nāvis, -is, f. | ship |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum | look back |
| āter, ātra, ātrum | black, dark; gloomy |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| nimbus, -ī m. | rain-cloud, storm-cloud |
| volitō, -āre, -āvī | fly about; flit, swagger about |
| favilla, -ae f. | glowing ash, embers |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| cursus, -ūs, m. | running, speed; course, route, voyage; race |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| laetus, -a, -um | glad, joyful |
| equester, -tris, -tre | of cavalry |
| dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus | lead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry |
| sīc, adv. | so, thus |
| ācer, ācris, ācre | sharp, shrill |
| equus, -ī, m. | horse |
| turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | confuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble |
| petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus | seek, ask; attack |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| exanimis, -e | lifeless; breathless, terrified |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast |
| magister, -trī, m. | master |
| quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj. | what? |
| furor, -ōris, m. | rage, fury, frenzy, madness |
| iste, ista, istud, dem. pron. | that of yours, that |
| novus, -a, -um | new; novissimus, last |
| quō, adv. | to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long? |
| nunc, adv. | now |
| tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentum | stretch out; hold out |
| inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verb | I say, you say, he says |
| heu (interj.) | alas! oh! |
| miser, misera, miserum | wretched, unhappy |
| cīvis, -is, m. and f. | citizen, fellow-citizen, subject |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| inimīcus, -a, -um | unfriendly, hostile |
| vester, -tra, -trum | your |
| spēs, speī, f. | hope |
| ūrō, ūrere, ussī, ūstus | burn |
| ēn (interj.) | look! see! there! |
| ego, meī, pers. pron. | I |
| galea, -ae, f. | helmet |
| ante, prep, with acc. and adv. | before |
| pēs, pedis, m. | foot |
| prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus | throw forth or down, cast away, throw |
| inānis, -e | empty |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| lūdus, -ī, m. | game, sport |
| induō, induere, induī, indūtus | put on; clothe |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| simulācrum, -ī n. | image, statue |
| cieō, ciēre, cīvī, citus | set in motion, stir up; pugnam ciēre: start the fight |
| accelerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | hurry, hasten |
| simul, adv. | at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as |
| agmen, -minis, n. | band, column |
| ast (conj.) | but (older form of at) |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| dīversus, -a, -um | turned different ways, opposite, contrary, different |
| metus, -ūs m. | fear, dread |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| lītus, lītoris, n. | shore |
| passim (adv.) | here and there, in all directions |
| diffugiō, -ere, -fūgī | scatter in flight, flee in all directions |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| sīcubi | if anywhere, wherever |
| concavus, -a, -um | hollow, concave, curved |
| fūrtim (adv.) | stealthily, secretly |
| saxum, -ī, n. | rock, stone |
| piget, -ēre, piguit (impers.) | it irks, it displeases (the person in acc., the cause in gen.) |
| inceptum, -ī n. | beginning, attempt, undertaking |
| lūx, lūcis, f. | light |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | change |
| agnōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus, recognize | |
| excutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussus | shake off, shake out |
| pectus, pectoris, n. | breast |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |