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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.92

Bloodshed outside Rome

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Hist. 2.92.1Multae et atrōcēs inter sē mīlitum caedēs, post sēditiōnem Tīcīnī coeptam manente legiōnum auxiliōrumque discordiā;There were many savage killings among the soldiers themselves, as the discord between the legions and the auxiliaries that began with the mutiny at Ticinum persisted; Hist. 2.92.1ubi adversus pāgānōs certandum foret, cōnsēnsū.whenever they had to fight against civilians, there was agreement. Hist. 2.92.1Sed plūrima strāgēs ad septimum ab urbe lapidem.But the greatest slaughter was at the seventh milestone from Rome. Hist. 2.92.1Singulīs ibi mīlitibus Vitellius parātōs cibōs ut gladiātōriam sagīnam dīvidēbat;There Vitellius was distributing ready-cooked food to each soldier, like the fattening rations of gladiators; Hist. 2.92.1et effūsa plēbēs tōtīs sē castrīs miscuerat.and the common people had poured out and mingled throughout the whole camp. Hist. 2.92.1Incūriōsōs mīlitēs—vernāculā ūtēbantur urbānitāte—quīdam spoliāvēre, abscīsīs fūrtim balteīs an accīnctī forent rogitantēs.Some of them robbed the soldiers while they were off guard (they were using the wit of the Roman streets), secretly cutting through their belts and asking them repeatedly whether they had their swords on.

Hist. 2.92.1Nōn tulit lūdibrium īnsolēns contumēliārum animus: inermem populum gladiīs invāsēre.Their temper, unused to insults, did not endure the mockery: they attacked the unarmed people with swords. Hist. 2.92.1Caesus inter aliōs pater mīlitis, cum fīlium comitārētur;Among others, a soldier's father was killed while accompanying his son; Hist. 2.92.1deinde agnitus et vulgātā caede temperātum ab innoxiīs.then he was recognised, and once the killing became known, the innocent were spared. Hist. 2.92.1In urbe tamen trepidātum praecurrentibus passim mīlitibus;In Rome, however, there was alarm, as soldiers ran on ahead in all directions; Hist. 2.92.1forum maximē petēbant, cupīdine vīsendī locum in quō Galba iacuisset.they made chiefly for the Forum, from a desire to see the place where Galba had lain. Hist. 2.92.1Nec minus saevum spectāculum erant ipsī, tergīs ferārum et ingentibus tēlīs horrentēs, cum turbam populī per īnscītiam parum vītārent, aut ubi lūbricō viae vel occursū alicuius prōcidissent, ad iūrgium, mox ad manūs et ferrum trānsīrent.No less savage a spectacle were they themselves, bristling with the hides of wild beasts and with huge spears, since in their ignorance they took too little care to avoid the crowds of people, or, whenever they had fallen on the slippery road or by colliding with someone, they turned to quarrelling and soon to blows and the sword.

Hist. 2.92.1Quīn et tribūnī praefectīque cum terrōre et armātōrum catervīs volitābant.Indeed, even tribunes and prefects were rushing about, spreading terror, with bands of armed men.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (122 words)
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
que, enclitic conj.and
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
pāgānus, -ī m.country-dweller, villager
certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscontend, compete, vie
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
sed, conj.but
strāgēs, -is f.slaughter, carnage; heap of fallen bodies
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
septimus, -a, -umseventh
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
urbs, urbis, f.city
lapis, -idis, m.stone
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
ibi, adv.in that place, there
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
cibus, -ī, m.food
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
gladiātōrius, -a, -umof gladiators; lūdus gladiātōrius: gladiator school
sagīna, -ae f.fattening, cramming; gorging, gluttony; fat, plumpness
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
effundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
incūriōsus, -a, -umcareless, indifferent, unconcerned (about)
vernāculus, -a, -umnative, home-born; legiō vernācula: the 'native' legion, raised in Spain
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
urbānitās, -ātis f.city manners, refinement; wit, polished humour
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
spoliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstrip, rob
abscīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut away or off
fūrtim (adv.)stealthily, secretly
balteus, -ī, m..belt, girdle
an, conj.or (in questions)
accingō, -ere, -cīnxī, -cīnctusgird on; (pass.) gird oneself, get ready
rogitō, -ārekeep asking, ask eagerly
nōn, adv.not
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
lūdibrium, -ī n.mockery; a plaything, laughing-stock
īnsolēns, -entisunaccustomed (to: gen.); excessive, arrogant
contumēlia, -ae f.insult, outrage
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
inermis, -eunarmed
populus, -ī m.people, nation
gladius, -ī, m.sword
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
pater, patris, m.father
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
fīlius, -ī, m.son
comitor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccompany, follow
deinde, adv.then, next
agnōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus, recognize
vulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake common, spread abroad; (corpus) prostitute
temperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum (ab + abl.)refrain (from)
innoxius, -a, -umharmless; innocent
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
trepidō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe in a panic, hurry about in alarm
praecurrō, -ere, -cucurrī, -cursumrun ahead, hurry on before
passim (adv.)here and there, in all directions
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
cupīdō, -inis f. (in Sallust also m.)desire, longing, greed
vīsō, -ere, vīsī, vīsumgo to see, visit; look at
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
iaceō, -ēre, -uīlie, be prostrate
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
minus, comp. adv.less
saevus, -a, -umfierce, savage
spectāculum, -ī n.sight, spectacle, show
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
tergum, -ī, n.back
fera, -ae, f.wild animal, beast
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
horreō, -ēre, horruīshudder at, dread
turba, -ae f.crowd
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
īnscītia, -ae f.ignorance, inexperience
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
vītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusavoid, escape
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
lūbricus, -a, -umslippery, smooth
via, -ae, f.road, way
velor; vel … vel: either … or
occursus, -ūs m.meeting; in occursum: to meet
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
prōcidō, -ere, -cidīfall down, fall forward (before someone)
iūrgium, -ī n.quarrel, dispute
mox, adv.soon
manus, -ūs, f.hand
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
cum, prep, with abl.with
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
armātus, -a, -umarmed
caterva, -ae f.crowd, band, troop
volitō, -āre, -āvīfly about; flit, swagger about
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.