| dum, conj. | while, as; as long as; until |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| prōvincia, -ae f. | province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| dux, ducis, m. and f. | leader, commander |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| contemptus, -a, -um | despised, held in contempt |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| segnis, -e | slow, sluggish, idle |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| mūnicipium, -ī n. | municipium, a self-governing Italian town with Roman citizenship |
| vīlla, -ae, f. | country-house, villa |
| amoenitās, -ātis f. | pleasantness, charm (of a place) |
| resistō, -sistere, -stitī | stand back, resist |
| gravis, -e | heavy; severe, grievous, serious |
| urbs, urbis, f. | city |
| agmen, -minis, n. | band, column |
| petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus | seek, ask; attack |
| sexāgintā (indecl.) | sixty |
| mīlle, indecl. adj. | a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands; |
| armātus, -a, -um | armed |
| sequor, sequī, secūtus | follow |
| licentia, -ae f. | freedom; lack of restraint, lawlessness |
| corrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptus | spoil, ruin, destroy; bribe |
| cālō, -ōnis m. | soldier's servant, camp follower |
| numerus, -ī, m. | number |
| amplus, -a, -um | large, great; distinguished |
| procāx, -ācis | bold, forward, wanton |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| servus, -ī, m. | slave, servant |
| lixa, -ae m. | camp follower, sutler |
| ingenium, -ī n. | natural ability, talent, cleverness; character |
| tot (indecl.) | so many |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| amīcus, -ī, m. | friend |
| comitātus, -ūs m. | escort, retinue, company |
| inhabilis, -e | unwieldy, awkward; unsuited (to) |
| pāreō, -ēre, -uī | obey |
| sī, conj. | if |
| summus, -a, -um | uppermost, highest, greatest |
| modestia, -ae f. | moderation, discipline, restraint |
| regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctum | guide, steer, rule |
| onerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | load, burden |
| multitūdō, -tūdinis, f. | multitude |
| obvius, -a, -um | in the way, meeting; sē obvium dare: come to meet |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| senātor, -ōris m. | senator, elder |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron. | a certain, certain |
| metus, -ūs m. | fear, dread |
| multus, -a, -um | much, great; plur., many |
| adūlātiō, -ōnis f. | flattery, fawning |
| cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | the other, the remaining, the rest of |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| paulātim (adv.) | little by little, gradually |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| remaneō, -ēre, -mānsī | stay behind, remain |
| aggregō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | gather together; attach (oneself) to |
| plēbs, plēbis f. | the common people |
| flāgitiōsus, -a, -um | shameful, disgraceful |
| obsequium, -ī n. | compliance, obedience; service (to a god): obsequium praestāre Deō |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| scurra, -ae m. | buffoon, jester; man about town; parasite |
| histriō, -ōnis m. | actor, player |
| aurīga, -ae m. | charioteer, driver |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| amīcitia, -ae f. | friendship, alliance |
| dehonestāmentum, -ī n. | disgrace, blemish, discredit |
| mīrē (adv.) | wonderfully, remarkably |
| gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsus | be glad, rejoice |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| colōnia, -ae f. | settlement, colony |
| modo, adv. | only |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| congestus, -ūs m. | heaping up, accumulation, mass |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| sed, conj. | but |
| cultor, -ōris m. | worshipper; tiller, cultivator |
| arvum, -ī n. | ploughed field, field |
| mātūrus, -a, -um | ripe |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| frūx, frūgis f. (usu. pl.) | crops, produce |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| hostīlis, -e | of the enemy, hostile |
| sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n. | only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil |
| vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | lay waste |