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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.93

Vitellius enters Rome

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Hist. 2.93.1Ipse Vitellius ā ponte Mulviō īnsignī equō, palūdātus accīnctusque, senātum et populum ante sē agēns, quō minus ut captam urbem ingrederētur, amīcōrum cōnsiliō dēterritus, sūmptā praetextā et compositō agmine incessit.Vitellius himself, setting out from the Mulvian Bridge on a splendid horse, in a general's cloak and wearing his sword, driving the senate and people before him, was deterred by the advice of his friends from entering as though into a captured city, and, putting on the bordered toga and with his column drawn up in order, he advanced on foot. Hist. 2.93.1Quattuor legiōnum aquilae per frontem totidemque circā ē legiōnibus aliīs vēxilla, mox duodecim alārum signa et post peditum ōrdinēs eques;The eagles of four legions were in the front line, and around them as many standards from other legions; then the ensigns of twelve cavalry squadrons, and after the ranks of the infantry the cavalry; Hist. 2.93.1Dein quattuor et trīgintā cohortēs, ut nōmina gentium aut speciēs armōrum forent, discrētae.then thirty-four cohorts, distinguished according to the names of their peoples or the style of their arms.

Hist. 2.93.1Ante aquilās praefectī castrōrum tribūnīque et prīmī centuriōnum candidā veste, cēterī iūxtā suam quisque centuriam, armīs dōnīsque fulgentēs;Before the eagles marched the camp prefects and tribunes and the senior centurions, dressed in white, the rest each beside his own century, gleaming with arms and decorations; Hist. 2.93.1et mīlitum phalerae torquēsque splendēbant: decōra faciēs et nōn Vitelliō prīncipe dignus exercitus.and the soldiers' medallions and collars shone: a handsome sight, and an army not worthy to have Vitellius as emperor. Hist. 2.93.1Sīc Capitōlium ingressus atque ibi mātrem complexus Augustae nōmine honōrāvit.So he entered the Capitol, and there he embraced his mother and honoured her with the title of Augusta.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (87 words)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
pōns, pontis, m.bridge
Mulvius, -a, -umMulvian: pons Mulvius, the Mulvian Bridge over the Tiber north of Rome
īnsignis, -enotable, remarkable
equus, -ī, m.horse
palūdātus, -a, -umwearing the general's cloak (palūdāmentum): in uniform, as a magistrate setting out for his province
accingō, -ere, -cīnxī, -cīnctusgird on; (pass.) gird oneself, get ready
que, enclitic conj.and
senātus, -ūs m.senate
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
populus, -ī m.people, nation
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
minus, comp. adv.less
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
urbs, urbis, f.city
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
dēterreō, -terrēre, -terruī, -territusfrighten off, deter
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
praetexta, -ae f.the purple-bordered toga worn by boys (and magistrates); in praetextā: as a boy
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput together; mend, set in order
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
incēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumwalk, step, advance
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
aquila, -ae f.eagle; the eagle standard of a legion
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
frōns, frontis, f.forehead
totidem (indecl.)just as many
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
vēxillum, -ī n.banner, flag
mox, adv.soon
duodecim, indecl. adj.twelve
ala, -ae, f.wing
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
deinde, adv.then, next
trīgintā (indecl.)thirty
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
discernō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētusseparate; distinguish, tell apart
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
centuriō, -ōnis m.centurion (officer commanding about 80 men)
candidus, -a, -umshining white, bright
vestis, -is, f.clothing, dress, robe
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
iūxtā (adv. and prep. + acc.)nearby; next to
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
centuria, -ae f.century, a division of a hundred (of men, of cavalry)
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
fulgeō, -ēre, fulsīflash, shine, glitter
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
phalerae, -ārum f. pl.metal discs worn as ornaments, esp. on horses' harness; trappings
torquis (torquēs), -is m.a neck-chain, collar (worn or given as a military decoration)
splendeō, -ēreshine, gleam
decōrus, -a, -umhandsome, fine, splendid
faciēs, -ēī f.face; appearance
nōn, adv.not
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
sīc, adv.so, thus
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ibi, adv.in that place, there
māter, mātris, f.mother
complector, -plectī, -plexusembrace
honōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushonour, respect
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.