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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.7

The East stirs towards war

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Hist. 2.7.1Antequam Titus adventāret sacrāmentum Othōnis accēperat uterque exercitus, praecipitibus, ut adsolet, nūntiīs et tardā mōle cīvīlis bellī, quod longā concordiā quiētus Oriēns tunc prīmum parābat.Before Titus arrived, both armies had taken the oath to Otho, for news, as usually happens, travelled fast, while a civil war is a slow and heavy mass, and the East, quiet after long harmony, was then preparing one for the first time. Hist. 2.7.1Namque ōlim validissima inter sē cīvium arma in Ītaliā Galliāve vīribus Occidentis coepta;For in the past the most powerful armed conflicts of citizens among themselves had begun in Italy or Gaul with the strength of the West; Hist. 2.7.1et Pompeiō, Cassiō, Brūtō, Antōniō, quōs omnīs trāns mare secūtum est cīvīle bellum, haud prosperī exitūs fuerant;and for Pompey, Cassius, Brutus and Antony, all of whom civil war had followed across the sea, the outcome had not been fortunate; Hist. 2.7.1audītīque saepius in Syriā Iūdaeāque Caesarēs quam īnspectī.and in Syria and Judaea the Caesars had been heard of more often than seen. Hist. 2.7.1Nūlla sēditiō legiōnum, tantum adversus Parthōs minae, variō ēventū;There had been no mutiny of the legions, only threats against the Parthians, with varying result; Hist. 2.7.1et proximō cīvīlī bellō turbātīs aliīs inconcussa ibi pāx, Dein fidēs ergā Galbam.and in the last civil war, while others were in turmoil, peace there was unshaken, and after that loyalty towards Galba.

Hist. 2.7.1Mox, ut Othōnem ac Vitellium scelestīs armīs rēs Rōmānās raptum īre vulgātum est, nē penes cēterōs imperiī praemia, penes ipsōs tantum servitiī necessitās esset, fremere mīles et vīrīs suās circumspicere.Soon, when it was spread abroad that Otho and Vitellius were going to seize the Roman state with criminal arms, the soldiers began to murmur and to look round at their own strength, lest the rewards of empire should rest with others and with themselves only the necessity of servitude. Hist. 2.7.1Septem legiōnēs statim et cum ingentibus auxiliīs Syria Iūdaeaque;There were seven legions at hand at once, and Syria and Judaea with huge auxiliary forces; Hist. 2.7.1inde continua Aegyptus duaeque legiōnēs, hinc Cappadocia Pontusque et quicquid castrōrum Armeniīs praetenditur.next to them, adjoining, Egypt and two legions; on the other side Cappadocia and Pontus and all the camps stretched out to face the Armenians. Hist. 2.7.1Asia et cēterae prōvinciae nec virōrum inopēs et pecūniā opulentae.Asia and the other provinces were not short of men and were rich in money. Hist. 2.7.1Quantum īnsulārum marī cingitur, et parandō interim bellō secundum tūtumque ipsum mare.All the islands girt by the sea were theirs, and the sea itself was favourable and safe for preparing war meanwhile.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (108 words)
antequam, conj.before than, sooner than, before
adventō, -āre, -āvīcome nearer and nearer, approach
sacrāmentum, -ī n.military oath (of allegiance)
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
assoleō (adsoleō), -ērebe usual; ut assolet: as is customary
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
tardus, -a, -umslow
mōlēs, -is f.mass; dam, breakwater
cīvīlis, -eof citizens; bellum cīvīle: civil war
bellum, -ī, n.war
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
concordia, -ae f.agreement, harmony
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
oriēns, -entis m.the rising sun; the East
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
namque, conj.for
ōlim, adv.once upon a time, once, formerly, of old
validus, -a, -umstrong
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
occidēns, -entis m.the west
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
omnis, -eall, every
trāns, prep. with acc.across, over
mare, maris, n.sea
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
prosperus, -a, -umfavourable, successful, prosperous
exitus, -ūs m.way out; outcome, end
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
que, enclitic conj.and
saepe, adv.often, frequently
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
īnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook into or upon
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
minae, -ārum, f. plur.threats
varius, -a, -umvarious
ēventus, -ūs m.outcome, result
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
inconcussus, -a, -umunshaken, firm, undisturbed
ibi, adv.in that place, there
pāx, pācis f.peace
deinde, adv.then, next
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
ergā, prep, with acc.toward, for
mox, adv.soon
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
scelestus, -a, -umwicked, criminal
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
vulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake common, spread abroad; (corpus) prostitute
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
penes (prep. + acc.)in the hands of, in the power of
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
praemium, -ī, n.reward
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
servitium, -ī n.slavery; (pl.) slaves
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
fremō, -ere, -uī, -itumroar, growl; grumble (in + acc.: at)
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
circumspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectuslook around; look around for, consider
septemseven
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
cum, prep, with abl.with
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
inde (adv.)from there; then
continuus, -a, -umcontinuous, successive
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
praetendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentushold out in front; put forward, make a pretext of
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
vir, virī, m.man
inops, -opispoor, needy
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
opulentus, -a, -umrich, wealthy, powerful
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
īnsula, -ae, f.island
cingō, cingere, cinxī, cinctussurround, gird
interim (adv.)meanwhile
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.