| attonitus, -a, -um | thunderstruck, astonished |
| subitus, -a, -um | sudden |
| terror, -ōris, m. | terror, fright |
| mēns, mentis f. | mind, spirit |
| falsus, -a, -um | feigned, pretended, false |
| gaudium, -ī, n. | gladness, joy |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| languor, -ōris m. | faintness, weariness |
| vertō, vertere, vertī, versus | turn |
| reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertus | find, discover |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| dēscīscō, -ere, -scīvī, -scītum | break away, revolt, desert (from: ab) |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| ēmentior, -īrī, -ītus sum | lie, invent falsely |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| rūmor, -ōris m. | rumour, report |
| explōrātor, -ōris, m. | explorer, scout, spy |
| dispergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersum | scatter |
| an, conj. | or (in questions) |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| sīve or seu, conj. | or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or |
| dolus, -ī, m. | trick, craft |
| forte, adv. | by chance, accidentally |
| surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctus | rise, get up, stand up |
| parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē) | too little; minimē: least, not at all |
| comperiō, -īre, comperī, compertum | find out, learn |
| omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | let go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose |
| pugna, -ae, f. | fighting, battle, combat |
| ardor, -ōris m. | blaze, fire, glow; ardor caelī: a light in the sky |
| Othōniānus, -a, -um | of Otho, Othonian; (m. pl. as noun) Otho's supporters |
| ultrō (adv.) | of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth) |
| salūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | greet; pay a morning call on |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| hostīlis, -e | of the enemy, hostile |
| murmur, -uris n. | murmur, muttering |
| excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take out or up, receive, welcome, entertain |
| plērīque, plēraeque, plēraque | most, very many |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| ignārus, -a, -um | ignorant |
| quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj. | what? |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| metus, -ūs m. | fear, dread |
| prōditiō, -ōnis f. | treachery, betrayal |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| tum, adv. | then, at that time |
| incumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitum | lean on; throw oneself into, devote oneself to |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| aciēs, -ēī, f. | line of battle |
| integer, -gra, -grum | untouched, fresh, whole |
| ōrdō, ōrdinis, m. | arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order |
| rōbur, rōboris, n. | oak |
| numerus, -ī, m. | number |
| praestāns, -stantis, adj. | preëminent, remarkable |
| quamquam, conj. | however much, although |
| paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | few |
| fessus, -a, -um | exhausted, worn out, weary |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| ācriter, adv. | sharply, fiercely |
| sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptus | take under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| arbor, -oris, f. | tree |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| vīnea, -ae f. | shed (a movable shelter for besiegers) |
| impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītus | hinder, prevent, impede |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| ūnus, -a, -um | one; only, alone |
| faciēs, -ēī f. | face; appearance |
| comminus (adv.) | hand to hand, at close quarters |
| ēminus (adv.) | at a distance, from afar |
| caterva, -ae f. | crowd, band, troop |
| cuneus, -ī m. | wedge; a wedge-shaped formation of troops |
| concurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursus | run, rush, or dash together |
| agger, aggeris m. | mound, siege ramp |
| via, -ae, f. | road, way |
| cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātus | bring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way |
| gradus, -ūs m. | step, stage; rank |
| corpus, corporis, n. | body |
| umbō, -ōnis m. | boss (of a shield) |
| nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.) | rely on |
| pīlum, -ī n. | javelin (the Roman heavy spear) |
| iactus, -ūs m. | throwing, a throw; fulminum iactūs: strokes of lightning |
| gladius, -ī, m. | sword |
| secūris, -is f. | axe (the axes in the fasces, sign of Roman power) |
| galea, -ae, f. | helmet |
| lōrīca, -ae f. | breastplate; breastwork, parapet |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| perrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptus | break or burst through, break |
| nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtum | get to know (perf. nōvī: know) |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | the other, the remaining, the rest of |
| cōnspicuus, -a, -um | conspicuous, remarkable |
| ēventus, -ūs m. | outcome, result |
| tōtus, -a, -um | all the, the whole or entire |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| certō, adv. | with certainty, for certain, certainly |