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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.46

The legions meet in the open

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Hist. 2.46.1Forte inter Padum viamque patentī campō duae legiōnēs congressae sunt, prō Vitelliō ūnaetvīcēnsima, cui cognōmen Rapācī, vetere glōriā īnsignis, ē parte Othōnis prīma Adiūtrīx, nōn ante in aciem dēducta, sed ferōx et novī decoris avida.As it happened, on open ground between the Po and the road two legions met, for Vitellius the Twenty-First, surnamed Rapax, distinguished by old renown, on Otho's side the First Adiutrix, never before led into battle, but fierce and greedy for its first glory. Hist. 2.46.1Prīmānī strātīs ūnaetvīcēnsimānōrum prīncipiīs aquilam abstulēre;The men of the First overthrew the front ranks of the Twenty-First and carried off their eagle; Hist. 2.46.1quō dolōre accēnsa legiō et impulit rūrsus prīmānōs, interfectō Orfidiō Benignō lēgātō, et plūrima signa vēxillaque ex hostibus rapuit.stung by this indignity, the legion both drove back the men of the First in turn, killing their legate Orfidius Benignus, and seized a great many standards and banners from the enemy. Hist. 2.46.1Ā parte aliā prōpulsa quīntānōrum impetū tertia decima legiō, circumventī plūrium adcursū quārtadecimānī.On another part of the field the Thirteenth legion was driven back by an onslaught of the Fifth, and the men of the Fourteenth were surrounded by a rush of greater numbers.

Hist. 2.46.1Et ducibus Othōnis iam prīdem profugīs Caecīna ac Valēns subsidiīs suōs firmābant.And, since Otho's generals had long since fled, Caecina and Valens were strengthening their men with reserves. Hist. 2.46.1Accessit recēns auxilium, Vārus Alfēnus cum Batāvīs, fūsā gladiātōrum manū, quam nāvibus trānsvectam obpositae cohortēs in ipsō flūmine trucīdāverant: ita victōrēs latus hostium invectī.Fresh help arrived, Varus Alfenus with the Batavians, after routing the band of gladiators which had been ferried across in boats and which the cohorts posted opposite had slaughtered in the river itself: so, as victors, they charged into the enemy's flank.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (87 words)
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
via, -ae, f.road, way
que, enclitic conj.and
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
congredior, -ī, -gressus summeet; come to grips, fight
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
ūnetvīcēsimus (ūnaetvīcēnsimus), -a, -umtwenty-first; legio unaetvicensima: the Twenty-first Legion
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
cognōmen, -inis n.surname, added name, nickname
rapāx, -ācisravenous, grasping, rapacious
vetus, veterisold, former
glōria, -ae, f.glory
īnsignis, -enotable, remarkable
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
adiūtrīx, -īcis f.helper, assistant (female)
nōn, adv.not
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
sed, conj.but
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
avidus, -a, -umeager, greedy (for: gen.)
prīmānus, -a, -umof the first legion; as noun pl. men of the first legion
sternō, -ere, strāvī, strātusspread out; furnish with couches (of a room)
ūnetvīcēsimānus (ūnaetvīcēnsimānus), -a, -umof the Twenty-first Legion; m. pl. its soldiers
prīncipium, -ī n.beginning; prīncipiō, in the first place
aquila, -ae f.eagle; the eagle standard of a legion
auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātusbear away, carry off
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
impellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive or urge on, incite, urge
rūrsus, adv.again
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
vēxillum, -ī n.banner, flag
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
prōpellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsumdrive off, rout
quīntānus, -a, -umof the fifth legion; as noun pl. men of the fifth legion
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
tertius, -a, -umthird
decimus, -a, -umtenth
circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumsurround
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
accursus (adcursus), -ūs m.running up, onset, rush
quārtadecimānus (quārtadecumānus), -a, -umof the Fourteenth Legion; m. pl. soldiers of the Fourteenth
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
iam, adv.now, already
prīdem (adv.)long ago; iam prīdem: long since
profugus, -a, -umfleeing, fugitive; wandering
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
subsidium, -ī, n.reserve, reinforcement, support, help
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
firmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstrengthen, secure
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
cum, prep, with abl.with
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
gladiātor, -ōris m.gladiator; as an insult: cutthroat, ruffian
manus, -ūs, f.hand
nāvis, -is, f.ship
trānsvehō, -vehere, -vexī, -vectuscarry across or over
oppōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positusset against, place opposite
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
flūmen, -minis, n.river
trucīdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusslaughter, butcher
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
latus, lateris n.side, flank
invehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry in; (pass.) attack (in words): invehī in + acc., to inveigh against
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.