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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.44

The battle of Bedriacum begins

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Hist. 2.44.1Eōdem diē ad Caecīnam operī pontis intentum duo praetōriārum cohortium tribūnī, conloquium eius postulantēs, vēnērunt: audīre condiciōnēs ac reddere parābat, cum praecipitēs explōrātōrēs adesse hostem nūntiāvēre.On the same day two tribunes of the praetorian cohorts came to Caecina, who was intent on the work of the bridge, asking for an interview with him: he was preparing to hear their terms and give his own, when scouts rushed up headlong to report that the enemy was at hand. Hist. 2.44.1Interruptus tribūnōrum sermō, eōque incertum fuit īnsidiās an prōditiōnem vel aliquod honestum cōnsilium coeptāverint.The tribunes' talk was broken off, and so it remained uncertain whether they had been attempting a trap or treachery or some honourable plan. Hist. 2.44.1Caecīna dīmissīs tribūnīs revectus in castra datum iussū Fabiī Valentis pugnae signum et mīlitem in armīs invēnit.Caecina, dismissing the tribunes, rode back to camp and found the signal for battle given by order of Fabius Valens and the soldiers under arms. Hist. 2.44.1Dum legiōnēs dē ōrdine agminis sortiuntur, equitēs prōrūpēre;While the legions were drawing lots for their order of march, the cavalry burst out; Hist. 2.44.1et mīrum dictū, ā pauciōribus Othōniānīs quō minus in vallum inpingerentur, Italicae legiōnis virtūte dēterritī sunt: ea strictīs mūcrōnibus redīre pulsōs et pugnam resūmere coēgit.and, remarkable to say, they were kept from being driven against their own rampart by a smaller number of Othonians only through the courage of the Italian legion: with drawn swords it forced the beaten men to turn back and renew the fight.

Hist. 2.44.1Disposita Vitelliānārum legiōnum aciēs sine trepidātiōne: etenim quamquam vīcīnō hoste aspectus armōrum dēnsīs arbustīs prohibēbātur.The line of the Vitellian legions was drawn up without alarm: for although the enemy was near, the sight of their arms was screened by dense plantations of trees. Hist. 2.44.1Apud Othōniānōs pavidī ducēs, mīles ducibus īnfēnsus, mīxta vehicula et lixae, et praeruptīs utrimque fossīs via quiētō quoque agminī angusta.On the Othonian side the generals were fearful, the soldiers hostile to their generals, wagons and camp-followers mingled with the troops, and the road, with steep ditches on either side, narrow even for a column at rest. Hist. 2.44.1Circumsistere aliī signa sua, quaerere aliī;Some were gathering round their own standards, others looking for them; Hist. 2.44.1incertus undique clamor adcurrentium, vocantium: ut cuique audācia vel formīdō, in prīmam postrēmamve aciem prōrumpēbant aut relābēbantur.on every side there was a confused shouting of men running up and calling out: according to each man's boldness or fear, they rushed forward into the front line or slipped back into the rear.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (119 words)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
opus, operis, n.work, task
pōns, pontis, m.bridge
intentus, -a, -umattentive, alert, watchful
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
praetōrius, -a, -umof the commander (praetōria cohors: bodyguard)
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
conloquium, -ī, n.conversation
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
explōrātor, -ōris, m.explorer, scout, spy
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
interrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptusbreak down, break apart
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
que, enclitic conj.and
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
an, conj.or (in questions)
prōditiō, -ōnis f.treachery, betrayal
velor; vel … vel: either … or
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
coeptō, -āre, -āvībegin, attempt, undertake
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
revehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry back
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
iussus, -ūs, m.bidding, command
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
sortior, -īrī, -ītuscast or draw lots
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
prōrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptumburst forth
mīrus, -a, -umwonderful, strange
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
Othōniānus, -a, -umof Otho, Othonian; (m. pl. as noun) Otho's supporters
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
minus, comp. adv.less
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
impingō, -ere, -pēgī, -pāctusdash against, drive into
Italicus, -a, -umItalian; bellum Italicum: the Social War of 91–88 BC between Rome and its Italian allies
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
dēterreō, -terrēre, -terruī, -territusfrighten off, deter
stringō, stringere, strinxī, strictusdraw, unsheathe
mūcrō, -ōnis m.sword point, sword
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
resūmō, -ere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake up again, resume; recover
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
dispōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumstation here and there, post
Vitelliānus, -a, -umof Vitellius; as noun, a Vitellian soldier
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
sine, prep. with abl.without
trepidātiō, -ōnis f.alarm, agitation
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
quamquam, conj.however much, although
vīcīnus, -ī m.neighbor
aspectus, -ūs m.look, appearance; sight
dēnsus, -a, -umthick
arbustum, -ī n.orchard, plantation of trees (for training vines)
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
pavidus, -a, -umfrightened
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
īnfēnsus, -a, -umhostile, angry (with: dat.)
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
vehiculum, -ī n.vehicle, carriage
lixa, -ae m.camp follower, sutler
praeruptus, -a, -umsteep, precipitous
utrimque, adv.on either side or both sides
fossa, -ae, f.ditch, trench
via, -ae, f.road, way
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
quoque, adv.also
angustus, -a, -umnarrow, cramped
circumsistō, -ere, circumstetīstand around, surround
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
undique, adv.from or on all sides
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
accurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun to, come up
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
formīdō, -inis f.fear, dread; something to be dreaded
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
postrēmus, -a, -umlast
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
relābor, -lābī, -lāpsus sumslide back, sink back
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.