Hist. 2.38.1Et erat īnsula amne mediō, in quam gladiātōrēs nāvibus mōlientēs, Germānī nandō praelābēbantur.There was also an island in midstream, towards which the gladiators were struggling across in boats, while the Germans were slipping down to it by swimming. Hist. 2.38.1Ac forte plūrīs trānsgressōs complētīs Liburnicīs per promptissimōs gladiātōrum Macer adgreditur: sed neque ea cōnstantia gladiātōribus ad proelia quae mīlitibus, nec proinde nūtantēs ē nāvibus quam stabilī gradū ē rīpā vulnera dērigēbant.And when it happened that a good many had crossed over, Macer filled some Liburnian galleys and attacked them with the boldest of the gladiators: but the gladiators had not the steadiness in battle that soldiers have, and, swaying in the boats, they could not aim their blows as well as men aiming from the bank with a firm footing. Hist. 2.38.1Et cum variīs trepidantium inclīnātiōnibus mīxtī rēmigēs prōpugnātōrēsque turbārentur, dēsilīre in vada ultrō Germānī, retentāre puppīs, scandere forōs aut comminus mergere: quae cūncta in oculīs utrīusque exercitūs quantō laetiōra Vitelliānīs, tantō ācrius Othōniānī causam auctōremque clādis dētestābantur.And when, as the panic-stricken men lurched this way and that, rowers and fighting men were thrown into confusion together, the Germans actually leapt down into the shallows, held back the sterns, climbed onto the gangways or sank the boats at close quarters: all of this happened before the eyes of both armies, and the more it delighted the Vitellians, the more bitterly the Othonians cursed the cause and author of the disaster.
Lectitō › Tacitus › Histories, Book 2 › Histories 2.38
Tacitus · Historiae II
Histories 2.38
Fighting on the river island
Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.
Read in LectitōGrammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×1
Latin vocabulary for this passage (71 words)
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| īnsula, -ae, f. | island |
| amnis, -is m. | river |
| medius, -a, -um | mid, middle |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| gladiātor, -ōris m. | gladiator; as an insult: cutthroat, ruffian |
| nāvis, -is, f. | ship |
| mōlior, -īrī, -ītus sum | work at, contrive, plot |
| nō, nāre, nāvī | swim |
| praelābor, -lābī, -lāpsus sum | glide past, flow past |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| forte, adv. | by chance, accidentally |
| plūrēs, -a, plur. adj. | more, many, several |
| trānsgredior, -ī, -gressus sum | cross over |
| compleō, -plēre, -plēvī, -plētus | fill full, fill up |
| liburnica, -ae f. | a light, fast galley (named after the Liburnians) |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| promptus, -a, -um | ready, eager |
| macer, -cra, -crum | lean, thin, meagre; (of soil) poor |
| adgredior, -gredī, -gressus sum | approach; address; attack; undertake |
| sed, conj. | but |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| cōnstantia, -ae f. | steadiness, firmness |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| proinde (adv.) | therefore, accordingly; so then |
| nūtō, -āre, -āvī | nod, sway |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| stabilis, -e | firm, steady, lasting |
| gradus, -ūs m. | step, stage; rank |
| rīpa, -ae, f. | bank |
| vulnus, vulneris, n. | wound |
| dērigō, -ere, -rēxī, -rēctum | set in line, draw up; direct |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| varius, -a, -um | various |
| trepidō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | be in a panic, hurry about in alarm |
| inclīnātiō, -ōnis f. | leaning, sway, shift; inclination, tendency |
| misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtus | mix, mingle |
| rēmex, -igis m. | rower |
| prōpugnātor, -ōris m. | defender, fighter on the walls |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | confuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble |
| dēsiliō, -silīre, -siluī, -sultus | leap down |
| vadum, -ī n. | ford, shallow place |
| ultrō (adv.) | of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth) |
| retentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | hold back, keep back, detain |
| puppis, -is f. | stern of a ship |
| scandō, -ere | climb, mount |
| forus, -ī m. | gangway, tier of seats (in the circus) |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| comminus (adv.) | hand to hand, at close quarters |
| mergō, mergere, mersī, mersus | dip, plunge, sink |
| cūnctus, -a, -um | all, the whole |
| oculus, -ī, m. | eye |
| uterque, utraque, utrumque | each, either, both |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| quantus, -a, -um | how great or much? |
| laetus, -a, -um | glad, joyful |
| Vitelliānus, -a, -um | of Vitellius; as noun, a Vitellian soldier |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| ācriter, adv. | sharply, fiercely |
| Othōniānus, -a, -um | of Otho, Othonian; (m. pl. as noun) Otho's supporters |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| auctor, -ōris m. | originator, instigator |
| clādēs, -is f. | disaster, defeat, destruction |
| dētestor, -ārī, -ātus sum | call down curses on, curse |
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.