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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.38

Fighting on the river island

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Hist. 2.38.1Et erat īnsula amne mediō, in quam gladiātōrēs nāvibus mōlientēs, Germānī nandō praelābēbantur.There was also an island in midstream, towards which the gladiators were struggling across in boats, while the Germans were slipping down to it by swimming. Hist. 2.38.1Ac forte plūrīs trānsgressōs complētīs Liburnicīs per promptissimōs gladiātōrum Macer adgreditur: sed neque ea cōnstantia gladiātōribus ad proelia quae mīlitibus, nec proinde nūtantēs ē nāvibus quam stabilī gradū ē rīpā vulnera dērigēbant.And when it happened that a good many had crossed over, Macer filled some Liburnian galleys and attacked them with the boldest of the gladiators: but the gladiators had not the steadiness in battle that soldiers have, and, swaying in the boats, they could not aim their blows as well as men aiming from the bank with a firm footing. Hist. 2.38.1Et cum variīs trepidantium inclīnātiōnibus mīxtī rēmigēs prōpugnātōrēsque turbārentur, dēsilīre in vada ultrō Germānī, retentāre puppīs, scandere forōs aut comminus mergere: quae cūncta in oculīs utrīusque exercitūs quantō laetiōra Vitelliānīs, tantō ācrius Othōniānī causam auctōremque clādis dētestābantur.And when, as the panic-stricken men lurched this way and that, rowers and fighting men were thrown into confusion together, the Germans actually leapt down into the shallows, held back the sterns, climbed onto the gangways or sank the boats at close quarters: all of this happened before the eyes of both armies, and the more it delighted the Vitellians, the more bitterly the Othonians cursed the cause and author of the disaster.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (71 words)
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
īnsula, -ae, f.island
amnis, -is m.river
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
gladiātor, -ōris m.gladiator; as an insult: cutthroat, ruffian
nāvis, -is, f.ship
mōlior, -īrī, -ītus sumwork at, contrive, plot
nō, nāre, nāvīswim
praelābor, -lābī, -lāpsus sumglide past, flow past
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
trānsgredior, -ī, -gressus sumcross over
compleō, -plēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill full, fill up
liburnica, -ae f.a light, fast galley (named after the Liburnians)
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
promptus, -a, -umready, eager
macer, -cra, -crumlean, thin, meagre; (of soil) poor
adgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumapproach; address; attack; undertake
sed, conj.but
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
cōnstantia, -ae f.steadiness, firmness
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
proinde (adv.)therefore, accordingly; so then
nūtō, -āre, -āvīnod, sway
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
stabilis, -efirm, steady, lasting
gradus, -ūs m.step, stage; rank
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
dērigō, -ere, -rēxī, -rēctumset in line, draw up; direct
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
varius, -a, -umvarious
trepidō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe in a panic, hurry about in alarm
inclīnātiō, -ōnis f.leaning, sway, shift; inclination, tendency
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
rēmex, -igis m.rower
prōpugnātor, -ōris m.defender, fighter on the walls
que, enclitic conj.and
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
dēsiliō, -silīre, -siluī, -sultusleap down
vadum, -ī n.ford, shallow place
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
retentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushold back, keep back, detain
puppis, -is f.stern of a ship
scandō, -ereclimb, mount
forus, -ī m.gangway, tier of seats (in the circus)
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
comminus (adv.)hand to hand, at close quarters
mergō, mergere, mersī, mersusdip, plunge, sink
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
oculus, -ī, m.eye
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
Vitelliānus, -a, -umof Vitellius; as noun, a Vitellian soldier
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
Othōniānus, -a, -umof Otho, Othonian; (m. pl. as noun) Otho's supporters
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
dētestor, -ārī, -ātus sumcall down curses on, curse
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.