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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.36

Otho withdraws before the battle

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Hist. 2.36.1Accēdēbat sententiae Paulīnī Marius Celsus;Marius Celsus agreed with the view of Paulinus; Hist. 2.36.1idem placēre Anniō Gallō, paucōs ante diēs lāpsū equī adflīctō, missī quī cōnsilium eius scīscitārentur rettulerant.those who had been sent to ask the advice of Annius Gallus, injured a few days before by a fall from his horse, had reported that he held the same opinion. Hist. 2.36.1Othō prōnus ad dēcertandum;Otho was eager to fight it out; Hist. 2.36.1frāter eius Titiānus et praefectus praetōriī Proculus, imperītia properantēs, fortūnam et deōs et nūmen Othōnis adesse cōnsiliīs, adfore cōnātibus testābantur, neu quis obviam īre sententiae audēret, in adūlātiōnem concesserant.his brother Titianus and the praetorian prefect Proculus, impatient in their inexperience, kept declaring that fortune and the gods and Otho's own divinity were present at his counsels and would be present at his undertakings, and, so that no one should dare to oppose that view, they had given way to flattery. Hist. 2.36.1Postquam pugnārī placitum, interesse pugnae imperātōrem an sēpōnī melius foret dubitāvēre.Once it had been decided to fight, they were unsure whether it would be better for the emperor to take part in the battle or to be kept out of the way.

Hist. 2.36.1Paulīnō et Celsō iam nōn adversantibus, nē prīncipem obiectāre perīculīs vidērentur īdem illī dēteriōris cōnsiliī auctōrēs perpulēre ut Brixellum concēderet ac dubiīs proeliōrum exēmptus summae rērum et imperiī sē ipsum reservāret.Since Paulinus and Celsus no longer opposed it, lest they seem to be exposing the emperor to danger, those same advocates of the worse plan pressed him to withdraw to Brixellum and, freed from the hazards of battle, to keep himself in reserve for the supreme direction of affairs and of the empire. Hist. 2.36.1Is prīmus diēs Othōniānās partīs adflīxit;That day was the first blow to the Othonian side; Hist. 2.36.1namque et cum ipsō praetōriārum cohortium et speculātōrum equitumque valida manus discessit, et remanentium frāctus animus, quandō suspectī ducēs et Othō, cui ūnī apud mīlitem fidēs, dum et ipse nōn nisi mīlitibus crēdit, imperia ducum in incertō relīquerat.for not only did a strong force of the praetorian cohorts, the scouts and the cavalry depart with him, but the spirit of those who remained was broken, since the generals were distrusted, and Otho, who alone had the soldiers' confidence, trusting none but the soldiers himself, had left the generals' authority uncertain.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×1, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (100 words)
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
lāpsus, -ūs m.gliding, sliding movement; a fall
equus, -ī, m.horse
adflīgō, -flīgere, -flīxi, -flīctusdash to, shatter
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
scīscitor, -ārī, -ātus sumask, inquire
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
prōnus, -a, -umleaning forward; inclined, prone (to)
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
dēcertō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight it out, fight a decisive battle
frāter, frātris, m.brother
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
praetōrium, -ī n.governor's residence, headquarters
imperītia, -ae f.inexperience, lack of skill, ignorance
properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushasten
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
deus, -ī, m.god
nūmen, -inis n.divine power, divinity
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
cōnātus, -ūs, m.attempt, effort
testor, -ārī, -ātus sumbear witness, declare, call to witness
nēve or neu, conj.and that not, and not, nor
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
obviam, adv.in the way, opposite, face to face; obviam fierī, to meet; obviam īre, to go to meet
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
adūlātiō, -ōnis f.flattery, fawning
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
an, conj.or (in questions)
sēpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positusset aside, reserve
bonus, -a, -umgood
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
iam, adv.now, already
nōn, adv.not
adversor, -ārī, -ātus sum (+ dat.)oppose, resist
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
obiectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrow in the way, expose
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
dēterior, -iusworse, poorer
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
perpellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive, push; prevail upon, induce
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
dubius, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
eximō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake away, remove; use up (a day)
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
reservō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumkeep back, save
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
Othōniānus, -a, -umof Otho, Othonian; (m. pl. as noun) Otho's supporters
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
namque, conj.for
cum, prep, with abl.with
praetōrius, -a, -umof the commander (praetōria cohors: bodyguard)
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
speculātor, -ōris m.spy, scout
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
que, enclitic conj.and
validus, -a, -umstrong
manus, -ūs, f.hand
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
remaneō, -ēre, -mānsīstay behind, remain
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
suspectus, -a, -umsuspected, mistrusted
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
nisi, conj.if not, unless
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.