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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.35

Paulinus argues for delay

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Hist. 2.35.1Tunc Suētōnius Paulīnus dignum fāmā suā ratus, quā nēmō illā tempestāte mīlitāris reī callidior habēbātur, dē tōtō genere bellī cēnsēre, festīnātiōnem hostibus, moram ipsīs ūtilem disseruit: exercitum Vitelliī ūniversum advēnisse, nec multum vīrium ā tergō, quoniam Galliae tumeant et dēserere Rhēnī rīpam inruptūrīs tam īnfestīs nātiōnibus nōn condūcat;Then Suetonius Paulinus, thinking it worthy of his reputation, since no one in that age was held more skilled in military matters, to give his opinion on the whole character of the war, argued that haste was useful to the enemy and delay to themselves: Vitellius' entire army had arrived, and there was not much strength behind it, since the Gallic provinces were swelling with unrest and it would not pay to abandon the bank of the Rhine when such hostile tribes were ready to burst in; Hist. 2.35.1Britannicum mīlitem hoste et marī distinērī: Hispāniās armīs nōn ita redundāre;the soldiers in Britain were kept apart by the enemy and the sea; the Spanish provinces did not abound so very much in troops; Hist. 2.35.1prōvinciam Narbōnēnsem incursū classis et adversō proeliō contremuisse;the province of Narbonensis had trembled at the incursion of the fleet and a defeat; Hist. 2.35.1clausam Alpibus et nūllō maris subsidiō trānspadānam Ītaliam atque ipsō trānsitū exercitūs vāstam;Italy beyond the Po was shut in by the Alps, without any support from the sea, and laid waste by the very passage of the army; Hist. 2.35.1nōn frūmentum usquam exercituī, nec exercitum sine cōpiīs retinērī posse: iam Germānōs, quod genus mīlitum apud hostīs atrōcissimum sit, trāctō in aestātem bellō, fluxīs corporibus, mūtātiōnem sōlī caelīque haud tolerātūrōs.there was no corn anywhere for their army, and an army could not be held together without supplies: soon the Germans, the fiercest kind of soldier among the enemy, if the war were drawn out into the summer, would not endure the change of soil and climate, as their bodies grew slack.

Hist. 2.35.1Multa bella impetū valida per taedia et morās ēvānuisse.Many wars strong in their first onset had faded away through weariness and delays. Hist. 2.35.1Contrā ipsīs omnia opulenta et fīda, Pannoniam Moesiam Dalmatiam Orientem cum integrīs exercitibus, Ītaliam et caput rērum urbem senātumque et populum, numquam obscūra nōmina, etiam sī aliquandō obumbrentur;On their own side, by contrast, everything was rich and loyal: Pannonia, Moesia, Dalmatia and the East with their armies intact, Italy and Rome, the capital of the world, the senate and the people, names never obscure, even if at times they are overshadowed; Hist. 2.35.1pūblicās prīvātāsque opēs et immēnsam pecūniam, inter cīvīlīs discordiās ferrō validiōrem;public and private wealth, and immense sums of money, stronger than the sword amid civil discords; Hist. 2.35.1corpora mīlitum aut Ītaliae suēta aut aestibus;the bodies of their soldiers were used either to Italy or to heat; Hist. 2.35.1obiacēre flūmen Padum, tūtās vīrīs mūrīsque urbīs, ē quibus nūllam hostī cessūram Placentiae dēfēnsiōne explōrātum: proinde dūceret bellum.the river Po lay before them as a barrier, and cities safe with men and walls, none of which would yield to the enemy, as had been proved by the defence of Placentia: therefore let Otho prolong the war.

Hist. 2.35.1Paucīs diēbus quartam decimam legiōnem, magnā ipsam fāmā, cum Moesicīs cōpiīs adfore: tum rūrsus dēlīberātūrum et, sī proelium placuisset, auctīs vīribus certātūrōs.In a few days the Fourteenth Legion, itself of great fame, would be there with the Moesian forces: then he would deliberate again and, if battle were decided upon, they would fight with increased strength.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3, indirect statement ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (144 words)
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
callidus, -a, -umclever, crafty
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
bellum, -ī, n.war
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
festīnātiō, -ōnis f.haste, hurry
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
mora, -ae, f.delay
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
disserō, -ere, -sēvī, -situssow here and there, plant at intervals
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
ūniversus, -a, -umall together, whole, entire, all
adveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome to or toward, approach, arrive
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
tergum, -ī, n.back
quoniam, conj.since now, since
tumeō, -ēreswell, be swollen
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
inrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusburst into or in
tam, adv.so
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
nātiō, -ōnis f.people, nation; birth
nōn, adv.not
condūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumbring together, assemble
Britannicus, -a, -umBritish, in Britain
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
mare, maris, n.sea
distineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentumkeep apart, keep divided
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
redundō, -āre, -āvīoverflow, spill over (onto); recoil (on)
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
Narbōnēnsis, -eof Narbo; Gallia Narbonensis, the province of southern Gaul
incursus, -ūs m.attack, onrush
classis, -is f.fleet
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
contremīscō, -ere, -tremuītremble all over, quake
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
subsidium, -ī, n.reserve, reinforcement, support, help
Trānspadānus, -a, -umliving beyond the Po; as a noun, a man from north of the Po
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
trānsitus, -ūs m.crossing, passage
vāstus, -a, -umwaste, huge, enormous, vast
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
usquam (adv.)anywhere
sine, prep. with abl.without
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
iam, adv.now, already
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
aestās, -tātis, f.summer
fluxus, -a, -umflowing; fleeting, unstable
corpus, corporis, n.body
mūtātiō, -ōnis f.change, alteration
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
que, enclitic conj.and
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
tolerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumbear, endure; keep off (hunger)
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
validus, -a, -umstrong
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
taedium, -ī n.weariness, disgust
ēvānēscō, -vānēscere, -vānuīvanish away
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
omnis, -eall, every
opulentus, -a, -umrich, wealthy, powerful
fīdus, -a, -umfaithful, loyal, trustworthy
oriēns, -entis m.the rising sun; the East
cum, prep, with abl.with
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
caput, capitis, n.head
urbs, urbis, f.city
senātus, -ūs m.senate
populus, -ī m.people, nation
numquam, adv.never
obscūrus, -a, -umdark
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
sī, conj.if
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
obumbrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovershadow, cover with shade
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
immēnsus (inmēnsus), -a, -umimmeasurable, boundless, vast
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
cīvīlis, -eof citizens; bellum cīvīle: civil war
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
suētus, -a, -umaccustomed, used (to); usual, customary
aestus, -ūs m.heat; tide
obiaceō, -ērelie in the way, lie before
flūmen, -minis, n.river
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
mūrus, -ī, m.wall
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
dēfēnsiō, -ōnis f.defence
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
proinde (adv.)therefore, accordingly; so then
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
quartus, -a, -umfourth
decimus, -a, -umtenth
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
Moesicus, -a, -umof Moesia, Moesian
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
tum, adv.then, at that time
rūrsus, adv.again
dēlīberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumconsider, deliberate
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscontend, compete, vie
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.