| vixdum (adv.) | hardly yet, scarcely yet |
| orior, -īrī, -tus | arise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| plēnus, -a, -um | full |
| prōpugnātor, -ōris m. | defender, fighter on the walls |
| moenia, -ium, n. plur. | walls |
| fulgeō, -ēre, fulsī | flash, shine, glitter |
| arma, -ōrum, n. plur. | arms, weapons |
| vir, virī, m. | man |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| campus, -ī, m. | plain, field |
| dēnsus, -a, -um | thick |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| agmen, -minis, n. | band, column |
| spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsus | scatter, sprinkle |
| auxilium, -ī, n. | help, aid |
| manus, -ūs, f. | hand |
| altus, -a, -um | high, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep |
| mūrus, -ī, m. | wall |
| sagitta, -ae, f. | arrow |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| saxum, -ī, n. | rock, stone |
| incessō, -ere, -cessīvī | attack, assail; (of feelings) seize |
| neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctus | disregard, neglect |
| aevum, -ī n. | age, lifetime; old age |
| fluxus, -a, -um | flowing; fleeting, unstable |
| comminus (adv.) | hand to hand, at close quarters |
| aggredior, -ī, aggressus sum | attack |
| ingerō, -gerere, -gessī, -gestus | heap on, pour in; stuff in |
| dēsuper, adv. | down from above |
| Othōniānus, -a, -um | of Otho, Othonian; (m. pl. as noun) Otho's supporters |
| pīlum, -ī n. | javelin (the Roman heavy spear) |
| lībrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | balance, poise |
| magis, comp. adv. | more, rather |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| certus, -a, -um | determined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform |
| īctus, -ūs, m. | blow |
| adversus, -a, -um | facing; unfavourable, unsuccessful |
| temerē, adv. | rashly |
| subeō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure |
| cohors, cohortis f. | cohort (a tenth of a legion); company |
| cantus, -ūs, m. | singing, song |
| trux, trucis | savage, fierce, grim |
| mōs, mōris, m. | way, manner, habit, custom |
| patrius, -a, -um | of one's fathers, ancestral |
| nūdus, -a, -um | naked, bare |
| corpus, corporis, n. | body |
| super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.) | over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning |
| umerus, -ī, m. | shoulder |
| scūtum, -ī, n. | shield |
| quatiō, -ere, —, quassus | shake, beat |
| legiōnārius, -a, -um | of a legion, legionary |
| pluteus, -ī m. | screen, breastwork (of wicker or boards) |
| crātēs, -is f. | wickerwork, hurdle |
| tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctus | cover |
| subruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutum | undermine, dig under |
| īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctus | build in or into; draw up; equip, furnish, |
| agger, aggeris m. | mound, siege ramp |
| mōlior, -īrī, -ītus sum | work at, contrive, plot |
| porta, -ae, f. | gate; door |
| contrā, prep, with acc. | against, contrary to |
| praetōriānus, -a, -um | praetorian, of the emperor's guard; as noun, a praetorian |
| dispōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum | station here and there, post |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| molāris, -is m. | millstone; large rock, boulder |
| ingēns, -gentis, adj. | huge, vast |
| pondus, ponderis, n. | weight |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| fragor, -ōris m. | crash, din |
| prōvolvō, -ere, -volvī, -volūtus | roll forward, roll over |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| obruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutus | overwhelm, bury, crush |
| cōnfīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxum | fasten together |
| exsanguis, -e | bloodless, pale, deathly white |
| lacer, -era, -erum | torn, mangled |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctum | increase, enlarge |
| strāgēs, -is f. | slaughter, carnage; heap of fallen bodies |
| trepidātiō, -ōnis f. | alarm, agitation |
| eō (adv.) | to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more) |
| ācriter, adv. | sharply, fiercely |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| vulnerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | wound |
| redeō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go back, return |
| īnfringō, -ere, -frēgī, -frāctus | break, crush; weaken |
| fāma, -ae, f. | report, rumor |
| pudor, -ōris m. | shame, sense of honour |
| coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action) | have begun, began |
| oppugnātiō, -ōnis f. | siege, assault on a town |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| irrīdeō (inrīdeō), -ēre, -rīsī, -rīsum | laugh at, mock |
| vānus, -a, -um | empty, idle, vain; in vanum: in vain |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| adsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessum | sit down (by), take one's seat |
| trāiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus | throw across, strike through, pierce |
| rūrsus, adv. | again |
| petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus | seek, ask; attack |
| intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch out; stretch, draw, aim |
| trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | give across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrus | go away, depart |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj. | several, many |
| classicus, -a, -um | of the fleet, naval; legio classica: legion raised from marines |
| paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | few |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| praefectus, -ī m. | commander, officer |
| ala, -ae, f. | wing |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| gignō, gignere, genuī, genitus | produce, bring forth |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| prīmipīlāris, -is m. | former chief centurion of a legion |
| haud, adv. | not at all, by no means, not |
| aliēnus, -a, -um | belonging to another, out of place |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| ōrdō, ōrdinis, m. | arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order |
| dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus | lead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry |