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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.12

Otho's armies take the field

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Hist. 2.12.1Laeta interim Othōnī prīncipia bellī, mōtīs ad imperium eius ē Dalmatiā Pannoniāque exercitibus.Meanwhile the beginnings of the war were happy for Otho, since the armies from Dalmatia and Pannonia had set out at his command. Hist. 2.12.1Fuēre quattuor legiōnēs, ē quibus bīna mīlia praemissa;There were four legions, from each of which two thousand men were sent ahead; Hist. 2.12.1ipsae modicīs intervallīs sequēbantur, septima ā Galbā cōnscrīpta, veterānae ūndecima ac tertia decima et praecipuī fāmā quārtadecumānī, rebelliōne Britanniae compressā.the legions themselves followed at moderate intervals: the Seventh, raised by Galba, the veteran Eleventh and Thirteenth, and the men of the Fourteenth, outstanding in fame for having crushed the rebellion in Britain. Hist. 2.12.1Addiderat glōriam Nerō ēligendō ut potissimōs, unde longa illīs ergā Nerōnem fidēs et ērēcta in Othōnem studia.Nero had added to their glory by choosing them as the most powerful, which accounted for their long loyalty towards Nero and their eager support for Otho. Hist. 2.12.1Sed quō plūs vīrium ac rōboris ē fīdūciā tarditās īnerat.But the more strength and vigour they had, the more slowness came from their confidence.

Hist. 2.12.1Agmen legiōnum alae cohortēsque praeveniēbant;Cavalry squadrons and cohorts went ahead of the column of the legions; Hist. 2.12.1et ex ipsā urbe haud spernenda manus, quīnque praetōriae cohortēs et equitum vēxilla cum legiōne prīmā, ac dēfōrme īnsuper auxilium, duo mīlia gladiātōrum, sed per cīvīlia arma etiam sevērīs ducibus ūsurpātum.and from the city itself came a force not to be despised, five praetorian cohorts and detachments of cavalry with the First Legion, and in addition a disgraceful auxiliary force, two thousand gladiators, but one that even strict generals had employed in civil wars. Hist. 2.12.1Hīs cōpiīs rēctor additus Annius Gallus, cum Vestriciō Spurinnā ad occupandās Padī rīpās praemissus, quoniam prīma cōnsiliōrum frūstrā ceciderant, trānsgressō iam Alpīs Caecīnā, quem sistī intrā Galliās posse spērāverat.Annius Gallus was set in command of these forces, sent ahead with Vestricius Spurinna to seize the banks of the Po, since the first plans had come to nothing, Caecina having already crossed the Alps, though Otho had hoped he could be halted within the Gallic provinces. Hist. 2.12.1Ipsum Othōnem comitābantur speculātōrum lēcta corpora cum cēterīs praetōriīs cohortibus, veterānī ē praetōriō, classicōrum ingēns numerus.Otho himself was accompanied by picked bodies of the guard's scouts with the rest of the praetorian cohorts, veterans of the praetorian guard, and a huge number of marines.

Hist. 2.12.1Nec illī segne aut corruptum luxū iter, sed lōrīcā ferreā ūsus est et ante signa pedes īre, horridus, incomptus fāmaeque dissimilis.Nor was his march sluggish or corrupted by luxury: he wore an iron breastplate and went on foot before the standards, rough, unkempt and unlike his reputation.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (123 words)
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
interim (adv.)meanwhile
prīncipium, -ī n.beginning; prīncipiō, in the first place
bellum, -ī, n.war
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
que, enclitic conj.and
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
bīnī, -ae, -atwo each, two at a time
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
praemittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend ahead
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
modicus, -a, -ummoderate, small; modicum: a little
intervallum, -ī, n.interval, space, distance
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
septimus, -a, -umseventh
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
cōnscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumenlist, enroll
veterānus, -a, -umveteran
ūndecimus, -a, -umeleventh
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
tertius, -a, -umthird
decimus, -a, -umtenth
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
praecipuus, -a, -umspecial, particular, outstanding
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
quārtadecimānus (quārtadecumānus), -a, -umof the Fourteenth Legion; m. pl. soldiers of the Fourteenth
rebelliō, -ōnis f.renewed war, revolt
comprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress together, squeeze, compress
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
glōria, -ae, f.glory
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
potissimus, -a, -umchief, most important (superlative of potior)
unde, adv.whence
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
ergā, prep, with acc.toward, for
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
ērigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctusraise or set up, raise, lift; cheer, encourage
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
sed, conj.but
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
rōbur, rōboris, n.oak
fīdūcia, -ae f.confidence, trust, reliance
tarditās, -ātis f.slowness
īnsum, inesse, īnfuībe in, be present in (dat.)
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
ala, -ae, f.wing
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
praeveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumcome before, arrive first, get ahead of
urbs, urbis, f.city
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
spernō, spernere, sprēvī, sprētusdespise, scorn
manus, -ūs, f.hand
quīnquefive
praetōrius, -a, -umof the commander (praetōria cohors: bodyguard)
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
vēxillum, -ī n.banner, flag
cum, prep, with abl.with
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
dēfōrmis, -emisshapen, ugly
īnsuper (adv.)above, on top; besides
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
gladiātor, -ōris m.gladiator; as an insult: cutthroat, ruffian
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
cīvīlis, -eof citizens; bellum cīvīle: civil war
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
sevērus, -a, -umstern, strict, severe
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
ūsurpō, -āre, -āvī, -ātususe, employ; put into practice
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
rēctor, -ōris m.ruler, guide, director
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
quoniam, conj.since now, since
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
frūstrā, adv.in vain
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
trānsgredior, -ī, -gressus sumcross over
iam, adv.now, already
sistō, -ere, stitī, statusstop, halt; set up
intrā, prep. with acc.within
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
comitor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccompany, follow
speculātor, -ōris m.spy, scout
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
corpus, corporis, n.body
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
praetōrium, -ī n.governor's residence, headquarters
classicus, -a, -umof the fleet, naval; legio classica: legion raised from marines
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
numerus, -ī, m.number
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
corrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusspoil, ruin, destroy; bribe
luxus, -ūs m.extravagance, luxury
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
lōrīca, -ae f.breastplate; breastwork, parapet
ferreus, -a, -umof iron, iron
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
horridus, -a, -umrough, wild, frightening
incomptus, -a, -umuncombed, unkempt; rough, unpolished
dissimilis, -eunlike, different
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.