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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.104

Caecina marches out

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Hist. 2.104.1Tandem inruptiōne hostium atrōcibus undique nūntiīs exterritus Caecīnam ac Valentem expedīre ad bellum iubet.At last, terrified by the enemy's incursion and by grim news from every side, he orders Caecina and Valens to make ready for war. Hist. 2.104.1Praemissus Caecīna, Valentem ē gravī corporis morbō tum prīmum adsurgentem īnfirmitās tardābat.Caecina was sent ahead; Valens, then rising for the first time after a severe bodily illness, was held back by weakness. Hist. 2.104.1Longē alia proficīscentis ex urbe Germānicī exercitūs speciēs: nōn vigor corporibus, nōn ardor animīs;Far different was the look of the German army as it set out from Rome: no vigour in their bodies, no ardour in their minds; Hist. 2.104.1lentum et rārum agmen, fluxa arma, segnēs equī;a slow and straggling column, slack weapons, sluggish horses; Hist. 2.104.1impatiēns sōlis pulveris tempestātum, quantumque hebes ad sustinendum labōrem mīles, tantō ad discordiās promptior.the soldiers could not bear sun, dust or storms, and the duller they were at enduring toil, the readier they were for discord. Hist. 2.104.1Accēdēbat hūc Caecīnae ambitiō vetus, torpor recēns, nimiā fortūnae indulgentiā solūtī in luxum, seu perfidiam meditantī īnfringere exercitūs virtūtem inter artīs erat.Added to this was Caecina's old ambition and new torpor, for, through the excessive indulgence of fortune, he had grown slack in luxury; or else, as he was planning treachery, breaking the army's courage was among his devices.

Hist. 2.104.1Crēdidēre plērīque Flāviī Sabīnī cōnsiliīs concussam Caecīnae mentem, ministrō sermōnum Rubriō Gallō: rata apud Vespasiānum fore pacta trānsitiōnis.Most believed that Caecina's resolve had been shaken by the counsels of Flavius Sabinus, with Rubrius Gallus as the go-between in their conversations: the terms of his desertion, they said, would be ratified by Vespasian. Hist. 2.104.1Simul odiōrum invidiaeque ergā Fabium Valentem admonēbātur ut impār apud Vitellium grātiam vīrīsque apud novum prīncipem parāret.At the same time he was reminded of his hatred and jealousy towards Fabius Valens, so that, being his inferior in favour with Vitellius, he might win influence and strength with the new emperor.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (97 words)
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
irruptiō (inruptiō), -ōnis f.invasion, inroad, raid
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
undique, adv.from or on all sides
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
exterreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten badly, terrify
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
expediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfree, set clear; get ready; arrange, settle
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
bellum, -ī, n.war
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
praemittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend ahead
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
corpus, corporis, n.body
morbus, -ī m.sickness, disease
tum, adv.then, at that time
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
assurgō (adsurgō), -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctumrise up
īnfirmitās, -ātis f.weakness; fickleness
tardō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumslow down, check
longē, adv.far
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
urbs, urbis, f.city
Germānicus, -a, -umGerman, of the Germans
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
nōn, adv.not
vigor, -ōris m.vigour, energy, liveliness
ardor, -ōris m.blaze, fire, glow; ardor caelī: a light in the sky
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
lentus, -a, -umslow, sluggish
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
rārus, -a, -umscattered, few
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
fluxus, -a, -umflowing; fleeting, unstable
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
equus, -ī, m.horse
impatiēns (inp-), -entisunable to bear, impatient (of: gen.)
sōl, sōlis, m.sun
pulvis, -eris m.dust
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
quantum, adv.how much? how?
que, enclitic conj.and
hebes, -etisblunt, dull
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
promptus, -a, -umready, eager
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
ambitiō, -ōnis f.canvassing for office; ambition, desire for honours
vetus, veterisold, former
torpor, -ōris m.numbness, stiffness
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
nimius, -a, -umexcessive, too great
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
indulgentia, -ae f.kindness, indulgence, favour
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
luxus, -ūs m.extravagance, luxury
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
perfidia, -ae f.treachery, bad faith
meditor, -ārī, -ātus sumthink over, plan; practise, train for
īnfringō, -ere, -frēgī, -frāctusbreak, crush; weaken
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
ars, artis, f.art
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
concutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshake violently; shake, weaken
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
minister, -trī m.servant, attendant, helper
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
ratus, -a, -umfixed, settled, valid; (reor) having thought
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
pactum, -ī n.agreement; quō pactō: in what way, how
trānsitiō, -ōnis f.going over (to the enemy), desertion
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
odium, -ī, n.hatred
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
ergā, prep, with acc.toward, for
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
impār, imparisunequal, ill-matched
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.