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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.103

Wavering loyalties and hidden plans

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Hist. 2.103.1Ac prīmō Valerius Fēstus lēgātus studia prōvinciālium cum fidē iūvit;And at first the legate Valerius Festus loyally supported the zeal of the provincials; Hist. 2.103.1mox nūtābat, palam epistulīs ēdictīsque Vitellium, occultīs nūntiīs Vespasiānum fovēns et haec illave dēfēnsūrus, prōut invaluissent.soon he was wavering, openly favouring Vitellius by letters and edicts, Vespasian by secret messages, ready to defend the one side or the other, according to which prevailed. Hist. 2.103.1Dēprehēnsī cum litterīs ēdictīsque Vespasiānī per Raetiam et Galliās mīlitum et centuriōnum quīdam ad Vitellium missī necantur: plūrēs fefellēre, fidē amīcōrum aut suōmet astū occultātī.Some soldiers and centurions, caught in Raetia and the Gallic provinces with letters and edicts of Vespasian, were sent to Vitellius and put to death: more escaped notice, hidden by the loyalty of friends or by their own cunning. Hist. 2.103.1Ita Vitelliī parātūs nōscēbantur, Vespasiānī cōnsiliōrum plēraque ignōta, prīmum sōcordia Vitelliī, Dein Pannonicae Alpēs praesidiīs īnsessae nūntiōs retinēbant.Thus Vitellius' preparations were known, while most of Vespasian's plans were unknown, first through Vitellius' indolence, and then because the Pannonian Alps, occupied by garrisons, held back messengers. Hist. 2.103.1Mare quoque etēsiārum flātū in Orientem nāvigantibus secundum, inde adversum erat.The sea too, with the Etesian winds blowing, was favourable for those sailing to the East, but adverse for the voyage back.

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Latin vocabulary for this passage (63 words)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
prīmō, adv.at first
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
prōvinciālis, -eof the Province; as noun, a provincial
cum, prep, with abl.with
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtumhelp
mox, adv.soon
nūtō, -āre, -āvīnod, sway
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
epistula, -ae f.letter
ēdictum, -ī n.proclamation, edict (of a magistrate)
que, enclitic conj.and
occultus, -a, -umhidden, secret
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
foveō, -ēre, fōvī, fōtuskeep warm; cherish, favour
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
prōut (conj.)just as, according as
invalēscō, -ere, -valuīgrow strong, increase in strength
dēprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsuscatch, seize, overtake; detect
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
centuriō, -ōnis m.centurion (officer commanding about 80 men)
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
necō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to death, slay, kill
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
astus, -ūs m.cunning, craft, trick; (abl.) astū: cleverly, by cunning
occultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumhide, conceal
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
parātus, -ūs m.preparation, provision
nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtumget to know (perf. nōvī: know)
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
ignōtus, -a, -umunknown
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
sōcordia, -ae f.sluggishness, negligence
deinde, adv.then, next
Pannonicus, -a, -umPannonian, of Pannonia
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
īnsideō, -ēre, -sēdīsit on; be fixed in, dwell in
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
mare, maris, n.sea
quoque, adv.also
etēsiae, -ārum m. pl.the etesian winds, the steady north winds of the eastern Mediterranean in summer
flātus, -ūs m.blowing, blast, breath
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
oriēns, -entis m.the rising sun; the East
nāvigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussail
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
inde (adv.)from there; then
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.