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Tacitus · Historiae I

Histories 1.56

The New Year oath falters

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Hist. 1.56.1Īnferiōris tamen Germāniae legiōnēs sollemnī kalendārum Iānuāriārum sacrāmentō prō Galbā adāctae, multā cūnctātiōne et rārīs prīmōrum ōrdinum vōcibus, cēterī silentiō proximī cuiusque audāciam expectantēs, īnsitā mortālibus nātūra, properē sequī quae piget inchoāre.Nevertheless the legions of Lower Germany were sworn in for Galba with the customary oath on the first of January, with much hesitation and few voices from the senior centurions, the rest in silence, each waiting for the boldness of his neighbour, by that nature inborn in mortals to follow quickly what they are reluctant to begin. Hist. 1.56.1Sed ipsīs legiōnibus īnerat dīversitās animōrum: prīmānī quīntānīque turbidī adeō ut quīdam saxa in Galbae imāginēs iēcerint: quīnta decima ac sexta decima legiōnēs nihil ultrā fremitum et minās ausae initium ērumpendī circumspectābant.But within the legions themselves there was a difference of feeling: the men of the First and Fifth were so unruly that some threw stones at Galba's images: the Fifteenth and Sixteenth legions, daring nothing beyond murmurs and threats, were looking round for the start of an outbreak. Hist. 1.56.1At in superiōre exercitū quarta ac duetvīcēnsima legiōnēs, īsdem hībernīs tendentēs, ipsō kalendārum Iānuāriārum diē dīrumpunt imāginēs Galbae, quarta legiō promptius, duetvīcēnsima cūnctanter, mox cōnsēnsū.But in the upper army the Fourth and Twenty-second legions, quartered in the same winter camp, on the very day of the first of January smash Galba's images, the Fourth more readily, the Twenty-second hesitantly, then in agreement.

Hist. 1.56.1Ac nē reverentiam imperiī exuere vidērentur, senātūs populīque Rōmānī oblitterāta iam nōmina sacrāmentō advocābant, nūllō lēgātōrum tribūnōrumve prō Galbā nītente, quibusdam, ut in tumultū, notābilius turbantibus.And so as not to seem to cast off reverence for the empire, they invoked in their oath the now obsolete names of the senate and the Roman people, while none of the legates or tribunes made any effort for Galba, and some, as happens in an uproar, made trouble more conspicuously. Hist. 1.56.1Nōn tamen quisquam in modum contiōnis aut suggestū locūtus;Yet no one spoke in the manner of a public address or from the tribunal; Hist. 1.56.1neque enim erat adhūc cui imputārētur.for there was as yet no one to whom it could be credited.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, purpose clauses ×1, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (103 words)
īnferior, -iuslower
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
sollemnis, -esolemn, ritual, customary
Kalendae, -ārum f. pl.the Kalends (1st day of the month)
Iānuārius, -a, -umof January (Kalendae Iānuāriae: 1 January)
sacrāmentum, -ī n.military oath (of allegiance)
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
adigō, -ere, adēgī, adāctumdrive, hurl (a weapon) to
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
cūnctātiō, -ōnis f.delay, hesitation
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
rārus, -a, -umscattered, few
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
īnserō, -ere, -seruī, -sertumput in, insert
mortālis, -emortal
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
properē (adv.)quickly, in haste
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
piget, -ēre, piguit (impers.)it irks, it displeases (the person in acc., the cause in gen.)
inchoō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbegin, start on; sketch out
sed, conj.but
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
īnsum, inesse, īnfuībe in, be present in (dat.)
dīversitās, -ātis f.difference, variety; contrast, contradiction
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
prīmānus, -a, -umof the first legion; as noun pl. men of the first legion
quīntānus, -a, -umof the fifth legion; as noun pl. men of the fifth legion
que, enclitic conj.and
turbidus, -a, -umstormy, wild, confused
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
imāgō, -inis f.likeness, image, portrait
iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactusthrow, cast, hurl
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
decimus, -a, -umtenth
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
sextus, -a, -umsixth
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
fremitus, -ūs, m.roaring, roar
minae, -ārum, f. plur.threats
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
initium, -ī, n.beginning
ērumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptumburst out, sally
circumspectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook round (at), keep looking about; watch for
at, conj.but
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
quartus, -a, -umfourth
duoetvīcēsimus (duetvīcēnsimus), -a, -umtwenty-second
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
dīrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptumburst, break apart
promptē (adv.), comp. promptiusreadily, eagerly
cūnctanter (adv.)hesitantly, slowly
mox, adv.soon
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
reverentia, -ae f.respect, modesty, shyness
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
exuō, -uere, -uī, -ūtusput or take off
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
senātus, -ūs m.senate
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
oblitterō (oblīterō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusblot out, efface; consign to oblivion
iam, adv.now, already
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
advocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon (contiōnem advocāre: call an assembly)
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.)rely on
tumultus, -ūs m.uproar, uprising
notābiliter (adv.)noticeably, remarkably
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
nōn, adv.not
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
suggestus, -ūs m.platform, tribunal
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
enim, conj.for
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
imputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscharge to someone's account; claim credit for (a favour)
Tacitus, Historiae I. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.