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Tacitus · Historiae I

Histories 1.55

The Lingones stir the legions

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Hist. 1.55.1Mīserat cīvitās Lingonum vetere īnstitūtō dōna legiōnibus dextrās, hospitiī īnsigne.The state of the Lingones had sent gifts to the legions, according to ancient custom, of clasped right hands, the emblem of hospitality. Hist. 1.55.1Lēgātī eōrum in squālōrem maestitiamque compositī per prīncipia per contubernia modo suās iniūriās, modo vīcīnārum cīvitātium praemia, et ubi prōnīs mīlitum auribus accipiēbantur, ipsīus exercitūs perīcula et contumēliās conquerentēs accendēbant animōs.Their envoys, got up in squalor and grief, going round the headquarters and the tents, complaining now of their own injuries, now of the rewards of neighbouring states, and, when they found the soldiers' ears receptive, of the dangers and insults suffered by the army itself, inflamed their minds. Hist. 1.55.1Nec procul sēditiōne aberant cum Hordeōnius Flaccus abīre lēgātōs, utque occultior dīgressus esset, nocte castrīs excēdere iubet.They were not far from mutiny when Hordeonius Flaccus orders the envoys to leave, and, so that their departure might be more secret, to quit the camp by night. Hist. 1.55.1Inde atrōx rūmor, adfirmantibus plērīsque interfectōs, ac nī sibi ipsī cōnsulerent, fore ut ācerrimī mīlitum et praesentia conquestī per tenebrās et īnscītiam cēterōrum occīderentur.Hence a dreadful rumour, most declaring that they had been killed, and that unless the soldiers looked after themselves, the fiercest of them, who had complained of the present state of things, would be killed under cover of darkness and without the knowledge of the rest.

Hist. 1.55.1Obstringuntur inter sē tacitō foedere legiōnēs, adscīscitur auxiliōrum mīles, prīmō suspectus tamquam circumdatīs cohortibus alīsque impetus in legiōnēs parārētur, mox eadem ācrius volvēns, faciliōre inter malōs cōnsēnsū ad bellum quam in pāce ad concordiam.The legions bind themselves together in a tacit compact; the auxiliary soldiers are brought in, at first distrusted, as though an attack on the legions were being prepared by surrounding them with the cohorts and cavalry squadrons, but soon turning over the same thoughts more fiercely, since bad men agree more easily for war than for concord in peace.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (93 words)
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
vetus, veterisold, former
īnstitūtum, -ī n.custom, institution
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
dextra, -ae, f.right hand (manus understood)
hospitium, -ī, n.hospitality
īnsigne, -is n.badge, mark, decoration
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
squālor, -ōris, m.dirt, filth
maestitia, -ae f.sadness, grief
que, enclitic conj.and
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput together; mend, set in order
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
prīncipium, -ī n.beginning; prīncipiō, in the first place
contubernium, -ī n.a company sharing a tent or table; in Mark 6.39 a group, a party (of diners)
modo, adv.only
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
vīcīnus, -ī m.neighbor
praemium, -ī, n.reward
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
prōnus, -a, -umleaning forward; inclined, prone (to)
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
auris, -is, f.ear
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
contumēlia, -ae f.insult, outrage
conqueror, -querī, -questus sumcomplain bitterly of, lament
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
occultus, -a, -umhidden, secret
dīgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumgo away, part, separate
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nox, noctis, f.night
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
inde (adv.)from there; then
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
rūmor, -ōris m.rumour, report
affirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusassert, declare firmly
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
tenebrae, -ārum f. pl.darkness
īnscītia, -ae f.ignorance, inexperience
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
obstringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictumbind, put under obligation
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
tacitus, -a, -umsilent
foedus, -eris n.treaty, alliance
adscīscō, -ere, -scīvī, -scītustake up, admit, attach to oneself (as an ally)
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
prīmō, adv.at first
suspectus, -a, -umsuspected, mistrusted
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datusput around, surround
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
ala, -ae, f.wing
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
mox, adv.soon
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
volvō, -ere, volvī, volūtusroll, turn over; ponder (multa sēcum volvere)
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
malus, -a, -umbad
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
bellum, -ī, n.war
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
pāx, pācis f.peace
concordia, -ae f.agreement, harmony
Tacitus, Historiae I. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.