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Tacitus · Historiae I

Histories 1.49

Obituaries of Piso and Vinius

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Hist. 1.49.1Pīsō ūnum et trīcēnsimum aetātis annum explēbat, fāmā meliōre quam fortūnā.Piso was completing his thirty-first year, with a reputation better than his fortune. Hist. 1.49.1Frātrēs eius Magnum Claudius, Crassum Nerō interfēcerant: ipse diū exul, quadrīduō Caesar, properātā adoptiōne ad hoc tantum maiōrī frātrī praelātus est ut prior occīderētur.Of his brothers, Magnus had been killed by Claudius, Crassus by Nero: he himself, long an exile, for four days a Caesar, was preferred to his elder brother by a hurried adoption only so that he might be killed first. Hist. 1.49.1Titus Vīnius quīnquāgintā septem annōs variīs mōribus ēgit.Titus Vinius lived fifty-seven years with a varied character. Hist. 1.49.1Pater illī praetōriā familiā, māternus avus ē prōscrīptīs.His father was of a praetorian family, his maternal grandfather one of the proscribed. Hist. 1.49.1Prīmā mīlitiā īnfāmis: lēgātum Calvīsium Sabīnum habuerat, cuius uxor malā cupīdine vīsendī situm castrōrum, per noctem mīlitārī habitū ingressa, cum vigiliās et cētera mīlitiae mūnia eādem lascīviā temptāsset, in ipsīs prīncipiīs stuprum ausa, et crīminis huius reus Titus Vīnius arguēbātur.His first military service was disgraceful: he had had as his commander Calvisius Sabinus, whose wife, with a perverse desire to view the layout of the camp, entered it by night in soldier's dress, and, after trying the watches and the other duties of the service with the same wantonness, dared to commit adultery in the headquarters itself; and Titus Vinius was charged as guilty of this offence.

Hist. 1.49.1Igitur iussū G.So by order of Gaius Hist. 1.49.1Caesaris onerātus catēnīs, mox mūtātiōne temporum dīmissus, cursū honōrum inoffēnsō legiōnī post praetūram praepositus probātusque servīlī deinceps probrō respersus est tamquam scyphum aureum in convīviō Claudiī fūrātus, et Claudius posterā diē sōlī omnium Vīniō fictilibus ministrārī iussit.Caesar he was loaded with chains, then released when times changed, and after an unchecked career of office, put in command of a legion after his praetorship and approved, he was later tainted with a slave's disgrace, on the charge of having stolen a gold cup at Claudius' banquet, and on the following day Claudius ordered that Vinius alone of all the guests be served on earthenware. Hist. 1.49.1Sed Vīnius prōcōnsulātū Galliam Narbōnēnsem sevērē integrēque rēxit;But Vinius governed Narbonese Gaul as proconsul strictly and honestly; Hist. 1.49.1mox Galbae amīcitiā in abruptum trāctus, audāx, callidus, promptus et, prōut animum intendisset, prāvus aut industrius, eādem vī.then, dragged over the brink by his friendship with Galba, he was bold, cunning, ready, and, as he had set his mind, wicked or industrious, with the same energy.

Hist. 1.49.1Testāmentum Titī Vīniī magnitūdine opum inritum, Pīsōnis suprēmam voluntātem paupertās firmāvit.The will of Titus Vinius was made void by the size of his wealth; Piso's last wishes were upheld by his poverty.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (132 words)
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
trīcēsimus, -a, -umthirtieth
aetās, -tātis, f.age
annus, -ī, m.year
expleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill up, complete; make good
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
bonus, -a, -umgood
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
frāter, frātris, m.brother
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
exsul, -ulis m.exile, banished person
quadrīduum, -ī n.period of four days
properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushasten
adoptiō, -ōnis f.adoption
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
praeferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātumput before, prefer (sē praeferre: show oneself superior)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
quīnquāgintā, indecl. adj.fifty
septemseven
varius, -a, -umvarious
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
pater, patris, m.father
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
praetōrius, -a, -umof the commander (praetōria cohors: bodyguard)
familia, -ae f.household (incl. slaves and dependents)
māternus, -a, -umof a mother, maternal
avus, -ī, m.grandfather
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
prōscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptuspublish; outlaw (put a man's name on a list, his life and property forfeit)
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
īnfāmis, -eof ill repute, notorious
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
uxor, -ōris, f.wife
malus, -a, -umbad
cupīdō, -inis f. (in Sallust also m.)desire, longing, greed
vīsō, -ere, vīsī, vīsumgo to see, visit; look at
situs, -a, -umplaced, situated
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
nox, noctis, f.night
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
habitus, -ūs m.condition, state; bearing, character
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
vigilia, -ae, f.watch
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
mūnia, -ium n. pl.duties, official functions
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
lascīvia, -ae f.playfulness; wantonness, licence
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
prīncipium, -ī n.beginning; prīncipiō, in the first place
stuprum, -ī n.debauchery, sexual crime
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
arguō, -ere, -uī, -ūtusshow up, expose; accuse, convict
igitur, conj.therefore
iussus, -ūs, m.bidding, command
onerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusload, burden
catēna, -ae, f.chain
mox, adv.soon
mūtātiō, -ōnis f.change, alteration
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
honor, -ōris, m.honor
inoffēnsus, -a, -umunobstructed, smooth, uninterrupted
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
praetūra, -ae f.praetorship
praepōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput in command of
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
que, enclitic conj.and
servīlis, -eof slaves (servīlis tumultus: slave revolt)
deinceps (adv.)one after another, in succession
probrum, -ī n.disgrace, shame; probrō habērī: be counted a disgrace
respergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersussprinkle, spatter
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
scyphus, -ī m.cup, goblet
aureus, -a, -umof gold, golden
convīvium, -ī n.banquet, dinner party
fūror, -ārī, -ātus sumsteal
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
sōlus, -a, -umalone
omnis, -eall, every
fictilis, -emade of clay, earthenware
ministrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumserve, wait on (+ dat.)
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
sed, conj.but
prōcōnsulātus, -ūs m.proconsulship, governorship of a province
Narbōnēnsis, -eof Narbo; Gallia Narbonensis, the province of southern Gaul
sevērē (adv.; comp. sevērius)strictly, sternly
integrē (adv.)honestly, uprightly; correctly
regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctumguide, steer, rule
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
abrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptusbreak off, cut short
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
audāx, -ācisbold, daring, reckless
callidus, -a, -umclever, crafty
promptus, -a, -umready, eager
prōut (conj.)just as, according as
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out; stretch, draw, aim
prāvus, -a, -umcrooked; bad, wrong
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
industrius, -a, -umactive, diligent, hard-working
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
testāmentum, -ī n.will (testament)
magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f.greatness, size
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
irritus, -a, -uminvalid, of no effect; irritum facere: make void, cancel
suprēmus, -a, -umhighest, last
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
paupertās, -ātis f.poverty, small means
firmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstrengthen, secure
Tacitus, Historiae I. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.