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Tacitus · Historiae I

Histories 1.47

The soldiers dictate terms

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Hist. 1.47.1Omnia deinde arbitriō mīlitum ācta: praetōriī praefectōs sibi ipsī legere, Plōtium Firmum ē manipulāribus quondam, tum vigilibus praepositum et incolumī adhūc Galbā partīs Othōnis secūtum;Thereafter everything was done at the soldiers' discretion: they chose the prefects of the praetorian guard themselves, Plotius Firmus, once one of the rank and file, then in command of the watch, who while Galba was still alive had followed Otho's party; Hist. 1.47.1adiungitur Licinius Proculus, intimā familiāritāte Othōnis suspectus cōnsilia eius fōvisse.with him is joined Licinius Proculus, suspected, from his close intimacy with Otho, of having furthered his plans. Hist. 1.47.1Urbī Flāvium Sabīnum praefēcēre, iūdicium Nerōnis secūtī, sub quō eandem cūram obtinuerat, plērīsque Vespasiānum frātrem in eō respicientibus.Over the city they set Flavius Sabinus, following the judgement of Nero, under whom he had held the same charge, while most of them saw in him his brother Vespasian. Hist. 1.47.1Flāgitātum ut vacātiōnēs praestārī centuriōnibus solitae remitterentur;It was demanded that the payments for exemptions usually made to centurions should be abolished; Hist. 1.47.1namque gregārius mīles ut tribūtum annuum pendēbat.for the common soldier paid them like an annual tribute.

Hist. 1.47.1Quarta pars manipulī sparsa per commeātūs aut in ipsīs castrīs vaga, dum mercēdem centuriōnī exolveret, neque modum oneris quisquam neque genus quaestūs pēnsī habēbat: per latrōcinia et raptus aut servīlibus ministeriīs mīlitāre ōtium redimēbant.A quarter of each company was scattered on leave or idling about in the camp itself, provided it paid the centurion his fee, and no one cared about the size of the burden or how the money was earned: by brigandage and robbery or by servile tasks they bought release from military duty. Hist. 1.47.1Tum locuplētissimus quisque mīles labōre ac saevitiā fatīgārī dōnec vacātiōnem emeret.Then all the richest soldiers were worn down with toil and harsh treatment until they bought an exemption. Hist. 1.47.1Ubi sūmptibus exhaustus sōcordiā īnsuper ēlanguerat, inops prō locuplēte et iners prō strēnuō in manipulum redībat, ac rūrsus alius atque alius, eādem egestāte ac licentiā corruptī, ad sēditiōnēs et discordiās et ad extrēmum bella cīvīlia ruēbant.When, drained by these expenses and enervated besides by idleness, a man returned to his company poor instead of rich and sluggish instead of active, then again one after another, corrupted by the same poverty and licence, they rushed into mutinies and quarrels and finally civil wars.

Hist. 1.47.1Sed Othō nē vulgī largītiōne centuriōnum animōs āverteret, fiscum suum vacātiōnēs annuās exolūtūrum prōmīsit, rem haud dubiē ūtilem et ā bonīs posteā prīncipibus perpetuitāte disciplīnae firmātam.But Otho, so as not to alienate the centurions by generosity to the rank and file, promised that his own treasury would pay for the annual exemptions, a measure undoubtedly useful, and later made a permanent part of discipline by good emperors. Hist. 1.47.1Lacō praefectus, tamquam in īnsulam sēpōnerētur, ab ēvocātō, quem ad caedem eius Othō praemīserat, cōnfossus;The prefect Laco, ostensibly being banished to an island, was stabbed to death by a recalled veteran whom Otho had sent ahead to kill him; Hist. 1.47.1in Mārciānum Icelum ut in lībertum palam animadversum.on Marcianus Icelus, as a freedman, punishment was inflicted openly.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (139 words)
omnis, -eall, every
deinde, adv.then, next
arbitrium, -ī n.judgment, will, pleasure
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
praetōrium, -ī n.governor's residence, headquarters
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
manipulāris, -eof a maniple; as noun: a soldier of the same maniple, comrade
quondam (adv.)once, formerly, at one time
tum, adv.then, at that time
vigil, -is m.watchman, sentry
praepōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput in command of
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
incolumis, -eunhurt, safe
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
adiungo, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to, join
intimus, -a, -uminnermost; most intimate; as noun: close friend
familiāritās, -ātis f.close friendship
suspectus, -a, -umsuspected, mistrusted
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
foveō, -ēre, fōvī, fōtuskeep warm; cherish, favour
urbs, urbis, f.city
praeficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumput in charge of
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
obtineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
frāter, frātris, m.brother
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook back
flāgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdemand urgently
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
vacātiō, -ōnis f.freedom, exemption
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
centuriō, -ōnis m.centurion (officer commanding about 80 men)
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
namque, conj.for
gregārius, -a, -umof the herd, common; mīles gregārius: a common soldier
tribūtum, -ī, n.contribution, tribute
annuus, -a, -umfor a year, yearly
pendō, pendere, pependī, pēnsusweigh out, pay
quartus, -a, -umfourth
manipulus, -ī m.maniple (a company of soldiers)
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
vagus, -a, -umwandering, roaming
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
mercēs, mercēdis, f.pay, reward, wages
exsolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusset free, release
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
onus, oneris n.load, weight
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
quaestus, -ūs m.gain, profit
pēnsum, -ī n.weight of wool for spinning; task; nihil pēnsī habēre: care nothing for
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
latrōcinium, -ī n.robbery, raiding
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
servīlis, -eof slaves (servīlis tumultus: slave revolt)
ministerium, -ī n.service, office, duty
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
redimō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptumbuy up; buy back
locuplēs, -ētisrich, wealthy
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
saevitia, -ae f.fierceness, cruelty
fatīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustire, wear out
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
emō, -ere, ēmī, ēmptumbuy
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
sūmptus, -ūs m.expense
exhaurio, -haurīre, -hausī, -haustusdrink up or off, drain
sōcordia, -ae f.sluggishness, negligence
īnsuper (adv.)above, on top; besides
ēlanguēscō, -ere, -languīgrow faint, lose energy
inops, -opispoor, needy
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
iners, -ertissluggish, idle, unmanly
strēnuus, -a, -umactive, vigorous, energetic
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
rūrsus, adv.again
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
egestās, -ātis f.want, poverty
licentia, -ae f.freedom; lack of restraint, lawlessness
corrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusspoil, ruin, destroy; bribe
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
bellum, -ī, n.war
cīvīlis, -eof citizens; bellum cīvīle: civil war
ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrusrush
sed, conj.but
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
vulgus, -ī n.the common people, the crowd
largītiō, -ōnis f.lavish giving, bribery
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
fiscus, -ī m.money basket; the emperor's treasury, privy purse
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
prōmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or put forth, promise
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
dubiē (adv.)doubtfully; haud dubiē: without doubt
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
bonus, -a, -umgood
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
perpetuitās, -ātis f.continuity, permanence
disciplīna, -ae f.training, discipline
firmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstrengthen, secure
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
īnsula, -ae, f.island
sēpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positusset aside, reserve
ēvocātus, -ī m.a veteran recalled to service, a re-enlisted veteran
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
praemittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend ahead
cōnfodiō, -ere, -fōdī, -fossusstab, run through
lībertus, -ī m.freedman (a former slave, in relation to his former master)
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
animadvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn the mind to, observe
Tacitus, Historiae I. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.