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Tacitus · Historiae I

Histories 1.42

The murder of Galba

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Hist. 1.42.1Vīsō comminus armātōrum agmine vēxillārius comitātae Galbam cohortis (Atīlium Vergiliōnem fuisse trādunt) dēreptam Galbae imāginem solō adflīxit: eō signō manifesta in Othōnem omnium mīlitum studia, dēsertum fugā populī forum, dēstricta adversus dubitantīs tēla.At the sight of the armed column close at hand, the standard-bearer of the cohort escorting Galba (they say it was Atilius Vergilio) tore off Galba's image and dashed it to the ground: at that signal the zeal of all the soldiers for Otho became plain, the forum was emptied by the flight of the people, and weapons were drawn against any who hesitated. Hist. 1.42.1Iūxtā Curtiī lacum trepidātiōne ferentium Galba prōiectus ē sellā ac prōvolūtus est.Near the Lake of Curtius, through the panic of his bearers, Galba was flung from his chair and rolled on the ground. Hist. 1.42.1Extrēmam eius vōcem, ut cuique odium aut admīrātiō fuit, variē prōdidēre.His last words have been reported variously, according as each man felt hatred or admiration. Hist. 1.42.1Aliī suppliciter interrogāsse quid malī meruisset, paucōs diēs exolvendō dōnātīvō dēprecātum: plūrēs obtulisse ultrō percussōribus iugulum: agerent ac ferīrent, sī ita ē rē pūblicā vidērētur.Some say that he asked in supplication what wrong he had deserved, and begged a few days in which to pay the donative: more, that he offered his throat to the assassins of his own accord: let them act and strike, if that seemed in the interest of the state.

Hist. 1.42.1Nōn interfuit occīdentium quid dīceret.To his killers it made no difference what he said. Hist. 1.42.1Dē percussōre nōn satis cōnstat: quīdam Terentium ēvocātum, aliī Laecanium;About the assassin there is no clear agreement: some say it was Terentius, a recalled veteran, others Laecanius; Hist. 1.42.1crēbrior fāma trādidit Camurium quīntae decimae legiōnis mīlitem impressō gladiō iugulum eius hausisse.the commoner report has it that Camurius, a soldier of the Fifteenth Legion, drove his sword in and cut his throat. Hist. 1.42.1Cēterī crūra brachiaque (nam pectus tegēbātur) foedē laniāvēre;The rest hideously mangled his legs and arms (for his chest was protected); Hist. 1.42.1plēraque vulnera feritāte et saevitiā truncō iam corporī adiecta.most of the wounds were inflicted, out of savagery and cruelty, on a body already headless.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (102 words)
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
comminus (adv.)hand to hand, at close quarters
armātus, -a, -umarmed
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
vēxillārius, -ī m.standard-bearer; soldier of a detachment (vexillum)
comitor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccompany, follow
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
dēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch away, tear off, pull down
imāgō, -inis f.likeness, image, portrait
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
afflīgō, -ere, -flīxī, -flīctusstrike against, damage, wreck
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
manifestus, -a, -umplain, clear; caught in the act
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
omnis, -eall, every
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
fuga, -ae, f.flight
populus, -ī m.people, nation
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
dēstringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictumdraw (a sword)
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
iūxtā (adv. and prep. + acc.)nearby; next to
lacus, -ūs, m.lake
trepidātiō, -ōnis f.alarm, agitation
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow forth or down, cast away, throw
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
prōvolvō, -ere, -volvī, -volūtusroll forward, roll over
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
odium, -ī, n.hatred
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
admīrātiō, -ōnis f.wonder, admiration
variē (adv.)in different ways, variously
prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditumhand down; betray
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
suppliciter (adv.)humbly, as suppliants
interrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, question
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
mereō, -ēre, meruī, meritusdeserve, earn
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
exsolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusset free, release
dōnātīvum, -ī n.gift of money to soldiers, bounty
dēprecor, -ārī, -ātus sumbeg to be spared, plead
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātusbear to, proffer, offer
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
percussor, -ōris m.assassin, murderer; one who strikes, destroyer
iugulum, -ī n.throat
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
feriō, -īrestrike, hit
sī, conj.if
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
nōn, adv.not
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
ēvocātus, -ī m.a veteran recalled to service, a re-enlisted veteran
crēber, -bra, -brumfrequent, numerous; close together
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
decimus, -a, -umtenth
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
imprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressuspress upon, press into
gladius, -ī, m.sword
hauriō, haurīre, hausī, haustusdraw
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
crūs, crūris, n.leg
bracchium, -ī, n.arm
que, enclitic conj.and
nam, conj.for
pectus, pectoris, n.breast
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
foedē, adv.foully, shamefully, disgracefully
laniō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustear to pieces, mangle
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
feritās, -ātis f.wildness, savagery
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
saevitia, -ae f.fierceness, cruelty
truncus, -ī m.tree trunk
iam, adv.now, already
corpus, corporis, n.body
adiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow to, throw, hurl
Tacitus, Historiae I. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.