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Tacitus · Germania

Germania 40

Nerthus, Mother Earth, and her rites

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Germ. 40.1Contrā Langobardōs paucitās nōbilitat: plūrimīs ac valentissimīs nātiōnibus cinctī nōn per obsequium sed proeliīs et perīclitandō tūtī sunt.The Langobardi, by contrast, are ennobled by their small numbers: surrounded by very many and very powerful tribes, they are safe not by submission but by battles and by facing danger. Germ. 40.1Reudignī deinde et Avionēs et Angliī et Varīnī et Eudosēs et Suarinēs et Nuitonēs flūminibus aut silvīs mūniuntur.Next come the Reudigni and the Aviones and the Anglii and the Varini and the Eudoses and the Suarines and the Nuitones, protected by rivers or forests. Germ. 40.2Nec quicquam notābile in singulīs, nisi quod in commūne Nerthum, id est Terram mātrem, colunt eamque intervenīre rēbus hominum, invehī populīs arbitrantur.There is nothing noteworthy about them individually, except that in common they worship Nerthus, that is, Mother Earth, and believe that she intervenes in human affairs and rides among the peoples. Germ. 40.2Est in īnsulā Oceanī castum nemus, dicātumque in eō vehiculum, veste contēctum;On an island of the Ocean there is a sacred grove, and in it a consecrated wagon, covered with a cloth; Germ. 40.3attingere ūnī sacerdōtī concessum.to touch it is permitted to the priest alone.

Germ. 40.3Is adesse penetrālī deam intellegit vectamque būbus fēminīs multā cum venerātiōne prōsequitur.He perceives when the goddess is present in her sanctuary, and as she is drawn by heifers he attends her with great reverence. Germ. 40.3Laetī tunc diēs, fēsta loca, quaecumque adventū hospitiōque dignātur.Joyful then are the days, festive the places, which she honours with her arrival and her stay. Germ. 40.4Nōn bella ineunt, nōn arma sūmunt;They do not go to war, they do not take up arms; Germ. 40.4clausum omne ferrum;every iron object is locked away; Germ. 40.4pāx et quiēs tunc tantum nota, tunc tantum amāta, dōnec īdem sacerdōs satiātam conversātiōne mortālium deam templō reddat.peace and quiet are then alone known, then alone loved, until the same priest returns the goddess, sated with the company of mortals, to her temple. Germ. 40.5Mox vehiculum et vestis et, sī crēdere velīs, nūmen ipsum sēcrētō lacū abluitur.Then the wagon and the cloth and, if you care to believe it, the deity herself are washed in a secluded lake. Germ. 40.5Servī ministrant, quōs statim īdem lacus haurit.Slaves perform this service, and the same lake at once swallows them up.

Germ. 40.5Arcānus hinc terror sānctaque ignōrantia, quid sit illud quod tantum peritūrī vident.Hence a mysterious terror and a holy ignorance as to what that may be which only those about to perish behold.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (113 words)
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
paucitās, -ātis f.small number, scarcity
nōbilitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake famous
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
valēns, -entisstrong, powerful
nātiō, -ōnis f.people, nation; birth
cingō, cingere, cinxī, cinctussurround, gird
nōn, adv.not
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
obsequium, -ī n.compliance, obedience; service (to a god): obsequium praestāre Deō
sed, conj.but
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
perīclitor, -ārī, -ātus sumtry, put to the test
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
deinde, adv.then, next
flūmen, -minis, n.river
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
notābilis, -enoteworthy, remarkable
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
nisi, conj.if not, unless
quod, conj.that, in that, because
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
māter, mātris, f.mother
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
que, enclitic conj.and
interveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumcome in between, arrive in the middle of things
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
homō, hominis, m.man
invehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry in; (pass.) attack (in words): invehī in + acc., to inveigh against
populus, -ī m.people, nation
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
īnsula, -ae, f.island
castus, -a, -umpure, chaste, spotless
nemus, -oris n.grove, wood
dicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdedicate, devote; sē dicāre: give oneself up (to)
vehiculum, -ī n.vehicle, carriage
vestis, -is, f.clothing, dress, robe
contegō, -tegere, -tēxī, -tēctuscover
attingō, -tingere, -tigī, -tāctustouch at
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
sacerdōs, -dōtis, m. and f.priest, priestess
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
penetrāle, -is n.inner part (of a house); (pl.) the innermost rooms
dea, -ae f.goddess
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
vehō, vehere, vexī, vectuscarry
bōs, bovis, gen. plur. boum, dat. and abl. plur. bōbus, m. and f.ox, bull, cow
fēmina, -ae, f.woman
cum, prep, with abl.with
venerātiō, -ōnis f.reverence, veneration, worship
prōsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow forward, follow
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
fēstus, -a, -umof a holiday, festive; diēs fēstus, feast day
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumquewhoever, whatever
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
hospitium, -ī, n.hospitality
dignor, -ārī, -ātus sumthink worthy of (+ abl.)
bellum, -ī, n.war
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
omnis, -eall, every
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
pāx, pācis f.peace
quiēs, quiētis, f.rest, repose
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
satiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfill, satisfy; satiārī, eat one's fill
conversātiō, -ōnis f.keeping company, mixing with others, social life
mortālis, -emortal
templum, -ī, n.sanctuary, temple
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
mox, adv.soon
sī, conj.if
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
volō, velle, voluīwish
nūmen, -inis n.divine power, divinity
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
sēcrētus, -a, -umseparate; secret, private
lacus, -ūs, m.lake
abluō, -ere, -luī, -lūtuswash off, wash clean
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
ministrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumserve, wait on (+ dat.)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
hauriō, haurīre, hausī, haustusdraw
arcānus, -a, -umsecret, hidden
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
sānctus, -a, -umconsecrated, sacred
ignōrantia, -ae f.ignorance, lack of knowledge
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
Tacitus, Germania. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.