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Tacitus · Germania

Germania 39

The Semnones and their sacred grove

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Germ. 39.1Vetustissimōs nōbilissimōsque Suēbōrum Semnonēs memorant;The Semnones claim to be the oldest and noblest of the Suebi; Germ. 39.1fidēs antīquitātis religiōne firmātur.the belief in their antiquity is confirmed by religion. Germ. 39.2Statō tempore in silvam auguriīs patrum et prīscā formīdine sacram nōminis eiusdemque sanguinis populī lēgātiōnibus coeunt caesōque pūblicē homine celebrant barbarī rītūs horrenda prīmordia.At a fixed time all the peoples of the same name and blood assemble through their embassies in a forest made sacred by the auguries of their fathers and by ancient dread, and with the public slaughter of a human being they celebrate the horrifying first rites of their barbarous worship. Germ. 39.3Est et alia lūcō reverentia: nēmō nisi vinculō ligātus ingreditur, ut minor et potestātem nūminis prae sē ferēns.There is also another form of reverence paid to the grove: no one enters it unless bound with a cord, as an inferior who openly acknowledges the power of the deity. Germ. 39.3Sī forte prōlāpsus est, attollī et īnsurgere haud licitum: per humum ēvolvuntur.If by chance he has fallen, it is not permitted to be lifted up or to rise: they roll themselves out along the ground.

Germ. 39.4Eōque omnis superstitiō respicit, tamquam inde initia gentis, ibi regnātor omnium deus, cētera subiecta atque pārentia.And the whole of this superstition looks to this, that from there the race had its beginning, that there dwells the god who rules over all, and all else is subject and obedient. Germ. 39.4Adicit auctōritātem fortūna Semnonum: centum pāgīs habitant, magnōque corpore efficitur ut sē Suēbōrum caput crēdant.The fortune of the Semnones adds to their authority: they inhabit a hundred districts, and their great size makes them believe themselves the head of the Suebi.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (84 words)
vetustus, -a, -umold, ancient, long-established
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
que, enclitic conj.and
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
antīquitās, -ātis f.antiquity, age; long descent
religiō, -ōnis f.religious scruple, religious duty
firmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstrengthen, secure
sistō, -ere, stitī, statusstop, halt; set up
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
augurium, -ī n.augury, the reading of signs from birds; omen
pater, patris, m.father
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
prīscus, -a, -umancient, of olden times; Prīscī Latīnī: the Old Latins
formīdō, -inis f.fear, dread; something to be dreaded
sacer, sacra, sacrumsacred, holy
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
populus, -ī m.people, nation
lēgātiō, -ōnis f.embassy, mission
coeō, -īre, -iī, -itumcome together, assemble
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
pūblicē (adv.)officially, as a state
homō, hominis, m.man
celebrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrong; keep (a festival), celebrate
barbarus, -a, -umbarbarian
rītus, -ūs m.rite, ceremony; custom, manner
horrendus, -a, -umdreadful, terrible
prīmordium, -ī n.first beginning, origin
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
lūcus, -ī m.sacred grove
reverentia, -ae f.respect, modesty, shyness
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
nisi, conj.if not, unless
vinculum, -ī, n.bond, chain
ligō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustie, bind
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
nūmen, -inis n.divine power, divinity
prae (prep. + abl.)in comparison with; because of
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
sī, conj.if
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
prōlābor, -lābī, -lāpsus sumslip forward, fall down
attollō, -erelift up, raise
īnsurgō, -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctumrise up, rise to (a blow); rise against
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
humus, -ī f.ground, earth; humī: on the ground
ēvolvō, -ere, -volvī, -volūtusroll out, unroll; unfold, relate; disentangle
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
omnis, -eall, every
superstitiō, -ōnis f.superstition, irrational religious fear
respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook back
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
inde (adv.)from there; then
initium, -ī, n.beginning
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
ibi, adv.in that place, there
regnātor, -ōris m.ruler, lord
deus, -ī, m.god
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
subiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow or place under
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
pāreō, -ēre, -uīobey
adiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow to, throw, hurl
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
centum, indecl. adj.one hundred
pāgus, -ī m.district, canton
habitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdwell, inhabit
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
corpus, corporis, n.body
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
caput, capitis, n.head
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
Tacitus, Germania. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.