| hāctenus (adv.) | thus far, up to this point; so much (and no more) |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| occidō, -ere, occidī, occāsum | fall; (of the sun) set (sōl occidēns: the west) |
| nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtum | get to know (perf. nōvī: know) |
| septentriō, -ōnis m. | the north |
| ingēns, -gentis, adj. | huge, vast |
| flexus, -ūs m. | bend, winding, curve; turning point |
| recēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum | go back, withdraw, retire |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| prīmō, adv. | at first |
| statim, adv. | on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately |
| gēns, gentis, f. | race, nation |
| quamquam, conj. | however much, although |
| incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptum | begin |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| lītus, lītoris, n. | shore |
| occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātus | seize; fill |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus | put out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain |
| latus, lateris n. | side, flank |
| obtendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentus | spread before, draw over as a screen; (pass.) lie opposite |
| dōnec (conj.) | until; while, as long as |
| ūsque, adv. | all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō |
| sinuō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | bend, curve, coil |
| tam, adv. | so |
| immēnsus (inmēnsus), -a, -um | immeasurable, boundless, vast |
| terra, -ae, f. | land, earth |
| spatium, -ī, n. | space, interval; space of time, time |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tus | hold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop |
| tantum, adv. | so much or far, only |
| sed, conj. | but |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētum | fill; fulfil, complete |
| populus, -ī m. | people, nation |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| nōbilis, -e | well-known, noble |
| magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f. | greatness, size |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| mālō, mālle, māluī | wish rather, prefer |
| iūstitia, -ae f. | justice, fairness |
| tueor, -ērī, tuitus sum | watch over, protect, defend |
| sine, prep. with abl. | without |
| cupiditās, -tātis, f. | desire, longing, eagerness |
| impotentia, -ae f. | lack of self-control, violent passion; weakness |
| quiētus, -a, -um | quiet, at peace, calm |
| sēcrētus, -a, -um | separate; secret, private |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| prōvocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātus | call forth or out, challenge |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| raptus, -ūs m. | seizure, robbery, plundering; abduction |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| latrōcinium, -ī n. | robbery, raiding |
| populor, -ārī, -ātus sum | lay waste, plunder |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| praecipuus, -a, -um | special, particular, outstanding |
| virtūs, -tūtis, f. | manliness, courage, bravery |
| vīs, vīs, f. | violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main |
| argūmentum, -ī n. | proof, evidence |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| superior, -ius, adj. | higher; former, previous, preceding |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| iniūria, -ae, f. | injury, wrong, hurt, harm |
| adsequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum | overtake; gain, achieve |
| promptus, -a, -um | ready, eager |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| arma, -ōrum, n. plur. | arms, weapons |
| sī, conj. | if |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| poscō, poscere, poposcī | ask, demand |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| plūrimum (adv.) | most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful) |
| vir, virī, m. | man |
| equus, -ī, m. | horse |
| quiēscō, -ere, quiēvī, quiētus | rest, keep quiet |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| fāma, -ae, f. | report, rumor |