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Tacitus · Germania

Germania 18

Marriage and the dowry of arms

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Germ. 18.1Quamquam sevēra illīc mātrimōnia, nec ūllam mōrum partem magis laudāverīs.Even so, marriages there are strict, nor would you praise any part of their customs more. Germ. 18.1Nam prope sōlī barbarōrum singulīs uxōribus contentī sunt, exceptīs admodum paucīs, quī nōn libīdine sed ob nōbilitātem plūrimīs nūptiīs ambiuntur.For almost alone among barbarians they are content with one wife each, apart from a very few, who are courted with many marriages not from lust but on account of their nobility. Germ. 18.2Dōtem nōn uxor marītō, sed uxōrī marītus offert.The dowry is offered not by the wife to the husband but by the husband to the wife. Germ. 18.2Intersunt parentēs et propinquī ac mūnera probant, mūnera nōn ad dēliciās muliebrēs quaesīta nec quibus nova nūpta cōmātur, sed bovēs et frēnātum equum et scūtum cum frameā gladiōque.Parents and relatives are present and approve the gifts, gifts not sought out for feminine delights nor for the new bride to adorn herself with, but oxen and a bridled horse and a shield with a framea and a sword. Germ. 18.3In haec mūnera uxor accipitur, atque in vicem ipsa armōrum aliquid virō adfert: hoc maximum vinculum, haec arcāna sacra, hōs coniugālēs deōs arbitrantur.For these gifts the wife is received, and she in turn brings some weapon to her husband: this they consider the strongest bond, these the mysterious rites, these the gods of wedlock.

Germ. 18.4Nē sē mulier extrā virtūtum cōgitātiōnēs extrāque bellōrum cāsūs putet, ipsīs incipientis mātrimōniī auspiciīs admonētur venīre sē labōrum perīculōrumque sociam, idem in pāce, idem in proeliō passūram ausūramque: hoc iūnctī bovēs, hoc parātus equus, hoc data arma dēnūntiant.Lest the woman should think herself outside thoughts of valour and outside the hazards of war, she is reminded by the very auspices of her marriage's beginning that she comes as a partner in toils and dangers, to suffer the same and dare the same in peace and in battle: this the yoked oxen, this the harnessed horse, this the gift of arms declare. Germ. 18.4Sīc vīvendum, sīc pariendum: accipere sē quae līberīs inviolāta ac digna reddat, quae nurūs accipiant rūrsusque ad nepōtēs referantur.So she must live, so she must bear children: she is receiving, she is told, what she must hand on to her children unprofaned and worthy, what her daughters-in-law may receive and pass on again to her grandchildren.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×2, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (107 words)
quamquam, conj.however much, although
sevērus, -a, -umstern, strict, severe
illīc (adv.)there
mātrimōnium, -ī, n.marriage; in mātrimōnium dūcere, marry
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ūllus, -a, -umany
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
nam, conj.for
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
sōlus, -a, -umalone
barbarus, -a, -umbarbarian
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
uxor, -ōris, f.wife
contentus, -a, -umcontent, satisfied (+ abl.)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
admodum (adv.)very, quite
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nōn, adv.not
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
sed, conj.but
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
nōbilitās, -tātis f.the nobility
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
nūptiae, -ārum f. pl.wedding, marriage
ambiō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo round; approach, court, win over
dōs, dōtis f.dowry
marītus, -ī, m.husband
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātusbear to, proffer, offer
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
dēliciae, -ārum f. pl.delights, luxuries, pleasures
muliebris, -eof a woman, womanly; (n. pl.) a woman's part
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
nūpta, -ae f.bride, wife
cōmō, -ere, cōmpsī, cōmptumarrange, comb (hair)
bōs, bovis, gen. plur. boum, dat. and abl. plur. bōbus, m. and f.ox, bull, cow
frēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbridle, restrain
equus, -ī, m.horse
scūtum, -ī, n.shield
cum, prep, with abl.with
framea, -ae f.spear (the German word for it)
gladius, -ī, m.sword
que, enclitic conj.and
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
vicis (gen.), vicem f.change, turn; in vicem: in turn
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
vir, virī, m.man
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
vinculum, -ī, n.bond, chain
arcānus, -a, -umsecret, hidden
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
coniugālis, -eof marriage, conjugal
deus, -ī, m.god
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
mulier, mulieris, f.woman
extrā (prep. + acc.)outside, beyond
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
cōgitātiō, -ōnis f.thought, reflection; plan, intention
bellum, -ī, n.war
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
auspicium, -ī n.taking of the auspices (reading the will of the gods from birds); omen
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
pāx, pācis f.peace
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctusjoin; yoke, harness
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
dēnūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumannounce, declare; warn
sīc, adv.so, thus
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
inviolātus, -a, -umunharmed; sacred, inviolable
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
nurus, -ūs f.daughter-in-law
rūrsus, adv.again
nepōs, nepōtis, m.grandson
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
Tacitus, Germania. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.