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Tacitus · Germania

Germania 17

Dress of men and women

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Germ. 17.1Tegumen omnibus sagum fībulā aut, sī dēsit, spīnā cōnsertum: cētera intēctī tōtōs diēs iūxtā focum atque ignem agunt.The covering for all is a cloak fastened with a brooch or, if that is lacking, with a thorn: otherwise uncovered, they spend whole days by the hearth and the fire. Germ. 17.1Locuplētissimī veste distinguuntur nōn fluitante, sīcut Sarmatae ac Parthī, sed strictā et singulōs artūs exprimente.The wealthiest are distinguished by a garment that is not flowing, like those of the Sarmatians and Parthians, but tight and showing every limb. Germ. 17.2Gerunt et ferārum pellēs, proximī rīpae neglegenter, ulteriōrēs exquīsītius, ut quibus nūllus per commercia cultus.They also wear the skins of wild beasts, those nearest the riverbank carelessly, those further off with more refinement, since they have no finery through trade. Germ. 17.2Ēligunt ferās et dētrācta vēlāmina spargunt maculīs pellibusque bēluārum, quās exterior Oceanus atque ignōtum mare gignit.They choose the beasts, and the hides they have stripped off they sprinkle with patches made from the pelts of creatures which the outer Ocean and an unknown sea produce.

Germ. 17.3Nec alius fēminīs quam virīs habitus, nisi quod fēminae saepius līneīs amictibus vēlantur eōsque purpurā variant, partemque vestītūs superiōris in manicās nōn extendunt, nūdae brachia ac lacertōs;The women have no other dress than the men, except that the women more often wrap themselves in linen garments and vary these with purple, and they do not extend the upper part of their clothing into sleeves, being bare to the forearm and upper arm; Germ. 17.3sed et proxima pars pectoris patet.and the nearest part of the breast is also exposed.

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Latin vocabulary for this passage (81 words)
tegimen (tegumen), -inis n.covering, protection
omnis, -eall, every
sagum, -ī n.a soldier's cloak
fībula, -ae f.clasp, brace, bolt
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
sī, conj.if
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
spīna, -ae f.thorn, thornbush
cōnserō, -ere, -seruī, -sertusjoin, fasten together; manum (manūs) cōnserere: come to blows, engage
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
intēctus, -a, -umuncovered, unclothed; open, frank
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
iūxtā (adv. and prep. + acc.)nearby; next to
focus, -ī m.hearth, fireplace; (fig.) home
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ignis, -is, m.fire
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
locuplēs, -ētisrich, wealthy
vestis, -is, f.clothing, dress, robe
distinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctusseparate, divide; distinguish
nōn, adv.not
fluitō, -āre, -āvīfloat, drift
sīcut (conj.)just as
sed, conj.but
stringō, stringere, strinxī, strictusdraw, unsheathe
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
artūs, -uum m. pl.joints; limbs, body
exprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress out
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
fera, -ae, f.wild animal, beast
pellis, -is, f.hide, skin, pelt
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
neglegenter (adv.)carelessly
ulterior, -ius, adj.farther
exquīsītē (adv.)carefully, with discrimination; elaborately
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
commercium, -ī n.trade, dealings; means of communication
cultus, -ūs m.way of life; civilization, refinement
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
dētrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctusdraw or pull off
vēlāmen, -inis n.covering, veil
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
macula, -ae f.spot, blotch, stain
que, enclitic conj.and
bēlua, -ae, f.beast, monster
exterior, -iusouter, outside, exterior
ignōtus, -a, -umunknown
mare, maris, n.sea
gignō, gignere, genuī, genitusproduce, bring forth
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
fēmina, -ae, f.woman
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
vir, virī, m.man
habitus, -ūs m.condition, state; bearing, character
nisi, conj.if not, unless
quod, conj.that, in that, because
saepe, adv.often, frequently
līneus, -a, -umof linen, flaxen
amictus, -ūs m.cloak, wrap, garment
vēlō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusveil, cover
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
purpura, -ae f.purple dye; purple cloth
variō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusvary; differ, disagree
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
vestītus, -ūs, m.clothing
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
manica, -ae f.long sleeve; (pl.) handcuffs, manacles
extendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentumstretch out, extend
nūdus, -a, -umnaked, bare
bracchium, -ī, n.arm
lacertus, -ī m.upper arm, arm
pectus, pectoris, n.breast
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
Tacitus, Germania. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.