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Tacitus · Agricola

Agricola 45

Spared the worst of tyranny

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Agr. 45.1Nōn vīdit Agricola obsessam cūriam et clausum armīs senātum et eādem strāge tot cōnsulārium caedēs, tot nōbilissimārum fēminārum exilia et fugās.Agricola did not see the senate-house besieged and the senate hemmed in by arms, and in the same massacre the slaughter of so many consulars, the exile and flight of so many most noble women. Agr. 45.1Ūnā adhūc victōriā Cārus Metius cēnsēbātur, et intrā Albānam arcem sententia Messālīnī strepēbat, et Massa Baebius tum reus erat: mox nostrae dūxēre Helvidium in carcerem manūs;Carus Metius was still credited with only one victory, and the voice of Messalinus was heard only within the Alban citadel, and Massa Baebius was then on trial: soon our own hands led Helvidius to prison; Agr. 45.1nōs Mauricum Rusticumque dīvīsimus;we parted Mauricus and Rusticus; Agr. 45.1nōs innocentī sanguine Seneciō perfūdit.on us Senecio poured his innocent blood. Agr. 45.2Nerō tamen subtrāxit oculōs suōs iussitque scelera, nōn spectāvit: praecipua sub Domitiānō miseriārum pars erat vidēre et aspicī, cum suspīria nostra subscrīberentur, cum dēnotandīs tot hominum pallōribus sufficeret saevus ille vultus et rubor, quō sē contrā pudōrem mūniēbat.Nero at least withdrew his eyes, and ordered crimes without watching them: under Domitian the chief part of our miseries was to see and be seen, when our sighs were recorded, when that savage face and its flush, with which he armed himself against shame, sufficed to mark the pallor of so many men.

Agr. 45.3Tū vērō fēlīx, Agricola, nōn vītae tantum clāritāte, sed etiam opportūnitāte mortis.But you, Agricola, were fortunate not only in the brilliance of your life but also in the timeliness of your death. Agr. 45.3Ut perhibent quī interfuērunt novissimīs sermōnibus tuīs, cōnstāns et libēns fātum excēpistī, tamquam prō virīlī portiōne innocentiam prīncipī dōnārēs.As those who were present at your last words report, you met your fate steadfastly and willingly, as if, for your own part, you were granting the emperor his innocence. Agr. 45.4Sed mihi fīliaeque eius praeter acerbitātem parentis ēreptī auget maestitiam, quod adsidēre valētūdinī, fovēre dēficientem, satiārī vultū complexūque nōn contigit.But for me and for his daughter, besides the bitterness of losing a father, our sorrow is increased because it was not granted to us to sit by his sickbed, to comfort him as he failed, to have our fill of his face and his embrace. Agr. 45.5Excēpissēmus certē mandāta vōcēsque, quās penitus animō fīgerēmus.We would certainly have received instructions and words which we could have fixed deep in our hearts.

Agr. 45.5Noster hic dolor, nostrum vulnus, nōbīs tam longae absentiae condiciōne ante quadriennium āmissus est.This is our grief, our wound: by the circumstance of so long an absence he was lost to us four years before his death. Agr. 45.6Omnia sine dubiō, optime parentum, adsidente amantissimā uxōre superfuēre honōrī tuō: pauciōribus tamen lacrimīs complōrātus es, et novissimā in lūce dēsīderāvēre aliquid oculī tuī.No doubt, best of fathers, with your most loving wife at your side, everything was more than fully done to honour you: yet you were mourned with fewer tears, and in that last light your eyes longed for something.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (142 words)
nōn, adv.not
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
cūria, -ae f.senate house
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
senātus, -ūs m.senate
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
strāgēs, -is f.slaughter, carnage; heap of fallen bodies
tot (indecl.)so many
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
fēmina, -ae, f.woman
exsilium, -ī, n.exile
fuga, -ae, f.flight
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
victōria, -ae, f.victory
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
intrā, prep. with acc.within
Albānus, -a, -umAlban, of Alba Longa; mōns Albānus: the Alban Mount; (m. pl. as noun) the Albans
arx, arcis f.citadel, stronghold
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
strepō, -ere, -uīmake a noise, roar, hum
tum, adv.then, at that time
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
mox, adv.soon
noster, -tra, -trumour
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
carcer, -eris, m.prison
manus, -ūs, f.hand
nōsplur. of ego
que, enclitic conj.and
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
innocēns, -entisharmless; innocent
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
perfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour over, drench; fill (with a feeling)
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
subtrahō, -ere, -trāxī, -tractumtake away, withdraw
oculus, -ī, m.eye
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
praecipuus, -a, -umspecial, particular, outstanding
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
miseria, -ae f.misery, distress, suffering
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
aspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook at or on, behold
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
suspīrium, -ī n.sigh; deep breath
subscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptuswrite underneath, add in writing; record, register; sign
dēnotō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmark out, point out, note
homō, hominis, m.man
sufficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectusbe enough, hold out; supply
saevus, -a, -umfierce, savage
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
rubor, -ōris m.redness, a blush
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
pudor, -ōris m.shame, sense of honour
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
fēlīx, -īcisfortunate, lucky, happy
vīta, -ae, f.life
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
clāritās, -ātis f.brightness; renown, glory
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
opportūnitās, -ātis f.advantage, favourable feature
mors, mortīs, f.death
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
perhibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold out, present; testimōnium perhibēre: bear witness
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
novissimus, -a, -umlast (novissimum agmen: the rear)
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
libēns (lubēns), -entiswilling, glad; (as adv.) gladly
fātum, -ī, n.destiny, fate
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
virīlis, -eof a man, male; n. pl. as noun: a man's private parts
portiō, -ōnis f.share, portion; pro portione: in proportion
innocentia, -ae f.blamelessness, integrity
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
dōnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumgive; present (someone with something)
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
acerbitās, -ātis f.harshness; hardship, suffering
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
maestitia, -ae f.sadness, grief
quod, conj.that, in that, because
adsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessumsit down (by), take one's seat
valētūdō, -inis f.health, state of health; ill health
foveō, -ēre, fōvī, fōtuskeep warm; cherish, favour
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
satiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfill, satisfy; satiārī, eat one's fill
complexus, -ūs m.embrace
contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctumtouch, reach
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
mandātum, -ī n.order, instruction, message
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
penitus (adv.)deep within, far inside
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
fīgō, fīgere, fīxī, fīxusfix, fasten, plant firmly
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
tam, adv.so
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
absentia, -ae f.absence
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
quadriennium, -ī n.period of four years
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
omnis, -eall, every
sine, prep. with abl.without
dubium, -ī n.doubt; sine dubiō: without doubt
bonus, -a, -umgood
amāns, -antisloving, fond, devoted (to: gen.)
uxor, -ōris, f.wife
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
honor, -ōris, m.honor
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
lacrima, -ae, f.tear
complōrō (conplōrō), -āre, -āvī, -ātuslament loudly, bewail
lūx, lūcis, f.light
dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslong for, miss; require
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
Tacitus, Agricola. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.