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Tacitus · Agricola

Agricola 42

Agricola declines a proconsulship

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Agr. 42.1Aderat iam annus, quō prōcōnsulātum Āfricae et Asiae sortīrētur, et occīsō Cīvicā nūper nec Agricolae cōnsilium dēerat nec Domitiānō exemplum.Now the year had come in which he was to draw lots for the proconsulship of Africa or Asia, and since Civica had recently been killed, Agricola did not lack a warning, nor Domitian a precedent. Agr. 42.1Accessēre quīdam cōgitātiōnum prīncipis perītī, quī itūrusne esset in prōvinciam ultrō Agricolam interrogārent.Certain men who knew the emperor's thoughts approached Agricola and went so far as to ask him whether he intended to go to his province. Agr. 42.2Ac prīmō occultius quiētem et ōtium laudāre, mox operam suam in adprobandā excūsātiōne offerre, postrēmō nōn iam obscūrī suādentēs simul terrentēsque pertrāxēre ad Domitiānum.And at first rather covertly they praised quiet and leisure, then offered their services in getting his excuse accepted, and finally, no longer disguising themselves, persuading and frightening him at once, they dragged him to Domitian. Agr. 42.3Quī parātus simulātiōne, in adrogantiam compositus, et audiit precēs excūsantis et, cum adnuisset, agī sibi grātiās passus est, nec ērubuit beneficiī invidiā.Domitian, ready with his pretence and composed into an air of grandeur, both listened to his pleas to be excused and, when he had granted them, allowed himself to be thanked, and did not blush at the odiousness of such a favour.

Agr. 42.3Salārium tamen prōcōnsulī cōnsulārī solitum offerrī et quibusdam ā sē ipsō concessum Agricolae nōn dedit, sīve offēnsus nōn petītum, sīve ex cōnscientiā, nē quod vetuerat vidērētur ēmisse.Yet he did not give Agricola the salary usually offered to a consular proconsul, and granted by himself to some, whether offended that it had not been asked for, or from a guilty conscience, so that he might not seem to have bought what he had forbidden. Agr. 42.4Proprium hūmānī ingeniī est ōdisse quem laeserīs: Domitiānī vērō nātūra praeceps in īram, et quō obscūrior, eō inrevocābilior, moderātiōne tamen prūdentiāque Agricolae lēniēbātur, quia nōn contumāciā neque inānī iactātiōne lībertātis fāmam fātumque prōvocābat.It is characteristic of human nature to hate one whom you have injured: but Domitian's nature, quick to anger and the more implacable the more it was concealed, was nevertheless softened by Agricola's moderation and good sense, because he did not challenge fame and fate by defiance or by an empty parade of independence. Agr. 42.5Sciant, quibus mōris est inlicita mīrārī, posse etiam sub malīs prīncipibus magnōs virōs esse, obsequiumque ac modestiam, sī industria ac vigor adsint, eō laudis excēdere, quō plērīque per abrupta, sed in nūllum reī pūblicae ūsum ambitiōsā morte inclāruērunt.Let those whose habit it is to admire what is forbidden know that there can be great men even under bad emperors, and that obedience and moderation, if they are joined with diligence and energy, attain to that height of glory which many have reached by perilous paths, but, with no benefit to the state, through an ostentatious death.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (130 words)
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
iam, adv.now, already
annus, -ī, m.year
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
prōcōnsulātus, -ūs m.proconsulship, governorship of a province
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
sortior, -īrī, -ītuscast or draw lots
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
nūper, adv.newly, lately, recently
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
cōgitātiō, -ōnis f.thought, reflection; plan, intention
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
perītus, -a, -um (+ gen.)skilled, experienced (in)
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
interrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, question
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
prīmō, adv.at first
occultē (adv.)secretly
quiēs, quiētis, f.rest, repose
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
mox, adv.soon
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
approbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusapprove, agree with
excūsātiō, -ōnis f.excuse, plea
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātusbear to, proffer, offer
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
nōn, adv.not
obscūrus, -a, -umdark
suādeō, -ēre, suāsī, suāsusadvise, urge
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
que, enclitic conj.and
pertrahō, -ere, -trāxī, -tractusdrag, draw (to a place); lure, bring round
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
simulātiō, -ōnis f.pretence
arrogantia, -ae f.arrogance
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput together; mend, set in order
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
prex, precis f. (usu. pl.)prayer, entreaty
excūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusexcuse, make excuses for
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
adnuō, -ere, -nuī, -nūtumnod, nod assent
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
ērubēscō, -ere, -rubuīblush, feel ashamed
beneficium, -ī, n.well-doing, kindness, service, benefit
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
salārium, -ī n.salary, allowance
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
prōcōnsul, -ulis m.proconsul, governor
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
offendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusoffend
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
cōnscientia, -ae f.awareness; consciousness of guilt, guilty conscience
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
vetō, -āre, vetuī, vetitumforbid
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
emō, -ere, ēmī, ēmptumbuy
proprius, -a, -umone's own, private; characteristic (of)
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
ōdī, ōdisse, used only in tenses of completed action with the force of tenses of incomplete actionhate
laedō, -ere, laesī, laesushurt, injure; break (an oath)
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
irrevocābilis, -ethat cannot be recalled; implacable, unalterable
moderātiō, -ōnis f.restraint, moderation, self-control; control, management
prūdentia, -ae, f.prudence
lēniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītussoften, soothe, ease
quia (conj.)because
contumācia, -ae f.defiance, stubbornness, insolence
inānis, -eempty
iactātiō, -ōnis f.boasting, display; tossing, shaking
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
fātum, -ī, n.destiny, fate
prōvocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātuscall forth or out, challenge
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
illicitus (inlicitus), -a, -umforbidden, unlawful
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
malus, -a, -umbad
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
vir, virī, m.man
obsequium, -ī n.compliance, obedience; service (to a god): obsequium praestāre Deō
modestia, -ae f.moderation, discipline, restraint
sī, conj.if
industria, -ae f.diligence, hard work
vigor, -ōris m.vigour, energy, liveliness
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
abruptus, -a, -umsteep, precipitous; abrupt; (n. pl. as noun) steep places, dangerous paths
sed, conj.but
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
ambitiōsus, -a, -umeager for office or popularity, ambitious
mors, mortīs, f.death
inclārēscō, -ere, -clāruībecome famous; grow bright
Tacitus, Agricola. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.