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Tacitus · Agricola

Agricola 41

Danger from praise and disaster

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Agr. 41.1Crēbrō per eōs diēs apud Domitiānum absēns accūsātus, absēns absolūtus est.Frequently in those days he was accused before Domitian in his absence, and in his absence acquitted. Agr. 41.1Causa perīculī nōn crīmen ūllum aut querēla laesī cuiusquam, sed īnfēnsus virtūtibus prīnceps et glōria virī ac pessimum inimīcōrum genus, laudantēs.The cause of his danger was not any charge or the complaint of anyone he had wronged, but an emperor hostile to virtues, and the man's glory, and the worst kind of enemies, those who praise. Agr. 41.2Et ea īnsecūta sunt reī pūblicae tempora, quae silērī Agricolam nōn sinerent: tot exercitūs in Moesiā Dāciāque et Germāniā et Pannoniā temeritāte aut per ignāviam ducum āmissī, tot mīlitārēs virī cum tot cohortibus expugnātī et captī;And there followed such times for the state as would not allow Agricola to be passed over in silence: so many armies lost in Moesia and Dacia and Germany and Pannonia through the rashness or cowardice of their generals, so many military men stormed and captured together with so many cohorts; Agr. 41.2nec iam dē līmite imperiī et rīpā, sed dē hībernīs legiōnum et possessiōne dubitātum.and now it was no longer the frontier of the empire and the river-bank that were in doubt, but the winter quarters of the legions and the possession of our territory.

Agr. 41.3Ita cum damna damnīs continuārentur atque omnis annus fūneribus et clādibus īnsignīrētur, poscēbātur ōre vulgī dux Agricola, comparantibus cūnctīs vigōrem, et cōnstantiam et expertum bellīs animum cum inertiā et formīdine cēterōrum.So when losses followed upon losses and every year was marked by deaths and disasters, Agricola was demanded as general by the voice of the people, as all compared his vigour, his steadfastness and his spirit proved in war with the inertia and timidity of the rest. Agr. 41.4Quibus sermōnibus satis cōnstat Domitiānī quoque aurīs verberātās, dum optimus quisque lībertōrum amōre et fidē, pessimī malignitāte et līvōre prōnum dēteriōribus prīncipem exstimulābant.It is well established that Domitian's ears too were lashed by such talk, while the best of his freedmen out of love and loyalty, and the worst out of malice and jealousy, goaded an emperor already inclined to the worse course. Agr. 41.4Sīc Agricola simul suīs virtūtibus, simul vitiīs aliōrum in ipsam glōriam praeceps agēbātur.Thus Agricola, by his own virtues and by the vices of others alike, was being driven headlong towards glory itself.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (107 words)
crēbrō (adv.)often, again and again
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
absolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusrelease, set free; acquit (of: gen.)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
nōn, adv.not
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
ūllus, -a, -umany
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
querēla, -ae f.complaint, lament
laedō, -ere, laesī, laesushurt, injure; break (an oath)
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
sed, conj.but
īnfēnsus, -a, -umhostile, angry (with: dat.)
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
glōria, -ae, f.glory
vir, virī, m.man
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
malus, -a, -umbad
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
sileō, -ēre, -uībe silent; pass over in silence
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
tot (indecl.)so many
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
que, enclitic conj.and
temeritās, -ātis f.rashness, recklessness
ignāvia, -ae f.laziness; cowardice
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
cum, prep, with abl.with
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake by storm, capture
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
iam, adv.now, already
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
līmes, -itis m.path, track; boundary
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
possessiō, -ōnis f.property, possession
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
damnum, -ī, n.harm, injury
continuō (adv.)at once, immediately
omnis, -eall, every
annus, -ī, m.year
fūnus, -eris n.funeral
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
īnsigniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusmark, distinguish, adorn with a device
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
vulgus, -ī n.the common people, the crowd
comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātusprepare, collect
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
vigor, -ōris m.vigour, energy, liveliness
cōnstantia, -ae f.steadiness, firmness
experior, -īrī, expertus sumtry, test, experience
bellum, -ī, n.war
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
inertia, -ae f.inactivity, idleness, sloth
formīdō, -inis f.fear, dread; something to be dreaded
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
quoque, adv.also
auris, -is, f.ear
verberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbeat, flog
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
bonus, -a, -umgood
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
lībertus, -ī m.freedman (a former slave, in relation to his former master)
amor, -ōris, m.love
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
malignitās, -ātis f.spite, ill will, malice; meanness
līvor, -ōris m.bruise, bluish mark; envy
prōnus, -a, -umleaning forward; inclined, prone (to)
dēterior, -iusworse, poorer
exstimulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgoad, spur on, rouse
sīc, adv.so, thus
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
Tacitus, Agricola. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.