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Tacitus · Agricola

Agricola 38

Aftermath and the fleet's voyage

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Agr. 38.1Et nox quidem gaudiō praedāque laeta victōribus: Britannī pālantēs mīxtōque virōrum mulierumque plōrātū trahere vulnerātōs, vocāre integrōs, dēserere domōs ac per īram ultrō incendere, ēligere latebrās et statim relinquere;That night was joyful for the victors with gladness and plunder: the Britons, wandering about, amid the mingled wailing of men and women, dragged off the wounded, called out to the unhurt, abandoned their homes and even set them on fire in their anger, chose hiding places and at once left them; Agr. 38.1miscēre in vicem cōnsilia aliqua, Dein sēparāre;they made some plans together, then broke apart; Agr. 38.1aliquandō frangī aspectū pignorum suōrum, saepius concitārī.sometimes they were broken by the sight of their dear ones, more often roused. Agr. 38.2Satisque cōnstābat saevīsse quōsdam in coniugēs ac līberōs, tamquam miserērentur.And it was well established that some of them had used violence against their wives and children, as if out of pity. Agr. 38.2Proximus diēs faciem victōriae lātius aperuit: vāstum ubīque silentium, sēcrētī collēs, fūmantia procul tēcta, nēmō explōrātōribus obvius.The next day revealed more widely the face of victory: everywhere a vast silence, the hills deserted, houses smoking in the distance, no one met by the scouts.

Agr. 38.3Quibus in omnem partem dīmissīs, ubi incerta fugae vestīgia neque usquam conglobārī hostīs compertum (et exāctā iam aestāte spargī bellum nequībat), in fīnīs Borestōrum exercitum dēdūcit.These were sent out in every direction, and when it was established that the tracks of the flight were uncertain and the enemy were not massing anywhere (and with summer now over the war could not be extended), he led his army down into the territory of the Boresti. Agr. 38.4Ibi acceptīs obsidibus, praefectō classis circumvehī Britanniam praecipit.There, having received hostages, he ordered the prefect of the fleet to sail round Britain. Agr. 38.4Datae ad id vīrēs, et praecesserat terror.Forces were given for the purpose, and terror had gone before. Agr. 38.4Ipse peditem atque equitēs lentō itinere, quō novārum gentium animī ipsā trānsitūs morā terrērentur, in hībernīs locāvit.He himself, marching slowly with the infantry and cavalry, so that the spirits of the new peoples might be terrified by the very slowness of his passage, settled them in winter quarters. Agr. 38.5Et simul classis secundā tempestāte ac fāmā Trucculēnsem portum tenuit, unde proximō Britanniae latere lēctō omnī redierat.And at the same time the fleet, with favourable weather and fame, reached the Trucculensian harbour, from which, having coasted all the nearest side of Britain, it had returned.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, ablative absolute ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (126 words)
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
nox, noctis, f.night
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
gaudium, -ī, n.gladness, joy
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
que, enclitic conj.and
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
pālor, -ārī, -ātus sumwander, straggle
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
vir, virī, m.man
mulier, mulieris, f.woman
plōrātus, -ūs m.wailing, weeping, lamentation
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
vulnerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswound
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
latebra, -ae f.hiding place, lair
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
vicis (gen.), vicem f.change, turn; in vicem: in turn
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
deinde, adv.then, next
sēparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusseparate, divide
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
aspectus, -ūs m.look, appearance; sight
pignus, -oris n.pledge, token, keepsake
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
saepe, adv.often, frequently
concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstir up, rouse
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
saeviō, -īre, -iī, -ītumrage
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f.spouse, husband, wife
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
misereor, -ērī, miseritus sumpity, have mercy on (+ gen.)
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
faciēs, -ēī f.face; appearance
victōria, -ae, f.victory
lātēwidely
aperiō, -īre, -uī, -tusopen
vāstus, -a, -umwaste, huge, enormous, vast
ubīque (adv.)everywhere
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
sēcrētus, -a, -umseparate; secret, private
collis, -is m.hill
fūmō, -āresmoke, give off smoke
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
tēctum, -ī n.roof; house
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
explōrātor, -ōris, m.explorer, scout, spy
obvius, -a, -umin the way, meeting; sē obvium dare: come to meet
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
omnis, -eall, every
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
fuga, -ae, f.flight
vestīgium, -ī, n.track, foot-print
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
usquam (adv.)anywhere
conglobō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgather into a mass; (pass.) mass together, rally
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
comperiō, -īre, comperī, compertumfind out, learn
exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumdrive out; finish, spend (a season)
iam, adv.now, already
aestās, -tātis, f.summer
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
bellum, -ī, n.war
nequeō, -īre, -īvībe unable, cannot
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
ibi, adv.in that place, there
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
obses, obsidis m./f.hostage
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
classis, -is f.fleet
circumvehor, -vehī, -vectus sumride around
praecipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake beforehand, anticipate; order, charge
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
praecēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo before; surpass
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
lentus, -a, -umslow, sluggish
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
trānsitus, -ūs m.crossing, passage
mora, -ae, f.delay
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplace; let out a contract for (a public work)
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
Trucculēnsis, -eTrucculensian; Trucculēnsis portus: an unidentified harbour in northern Britain
portus, -ūs, m.harbor, haven, port
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
unde, adv.whence
latus, lateris n.side, flank
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
Tacitus, Agricola. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.