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Tacitus · Agricola

Agricola 35

The armies take their positions

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Agr. 35.1Et adloquente adhūc Agricolā mīlitum ardor ēminēbat, et fīnem ōrātiōnis ingēns alacritās cōnsecūta est, statimque ad arma discursum.Even while Agricola was still speaking the soldiers' ardour was plain to see, and the end of his speech was followed by tremendous enthusiasm, and at once they ran to arms. Agr. 35.2Īnstīnctōs ruentīsque ita disposuit, ut peditum auxilia, quae octō mīlium erant, mediam aciem firmārent, equitum tria mīlia cornibus adfunderentur.As they were roused and rushing forward, he deployed them so that the auxiliary infantry, eight thousand strong, strengthened the centre, and three thousand cavalry were spread out on the wings. Agr. 35.2Legiōnēs prō vallō stetēre, ingēns victōriae decus citrā Rōmānum sanguinem bellandī, et auxilium, sī pellerentur.The legions stood in front of the rampart, a great glory to the victory if the war were fought without shedding Roman blood, and a support if the others were driven back. Agr. 35.3Britannōrum aciēs in speciem simul ac terrōrem ēditiōribus locīs Cōnstiterat ita, ut prīmum agmen in aequō, cēterī per adclīve iugum cōnexī velut īnsurgerent;The Britons' line had taken its stand on higher ground, both for show and to inspire terror, in such a way that the first rank was on the level, while the rest rose up as if in tiers along the sloping ridge; Agr. 35.3media campī covinnārius eques strepitū ac discursū complēbat.the chariot-fighters filled the middle of the plain with their din and their charging about.

Agr. 35.4Tum Agricola superante hostium multitūdine veritus, nē in frontem simul et latera suōrum pugnārētur, dīductīs ōrdinibus, quamquam porrēctior aciēs futūra erat et arcessendās plērīque legiōnēs admonēbant, promptior in spem et firmus adversīs, dīmissō equō pedes ante vēxilla cōnstitit.Then Agricola, fearing, because of the enemy's superior numbers, that his men would be attacked on the front and the flanks at once, opened out his ranks, although the line was going to be overstretched and many were urging him to bring up the legions; more ready to hope and steadfast in adversity, he sent away his horse and took his stand on foot in front of the standards.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (94 words)
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
alloquor (adloquor), -loquī, -locūtus sumspeak to, address
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
ardor, -ōris m.blaze, fire, glow; ardor caelī: a light in the sky
ēmineō, -ēre, -uīstand out, project
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
alacritās, -ātis f.eagerness, enthusiasm
cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, follow; overtake
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
que, enclitic conj.and
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
discurrō, -ere, -currī, -cursumrun in different directions, scatter
īnstinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctusurge on, incite
ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrusrush
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
dispōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumstation here and there, post
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
octō (indecl.)eight
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
firmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstrengthen, secure
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
cornū, -ūs, n.horn
affundō (adfundō), -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour on, spread over; (pass.) be spread out, be extended
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
victōria, -ae, f.victory
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
citrā (prep. + acc.)on this side of
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
bellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwage war, fight
sī, conj.if
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
ēditus, -a, -umraised, high
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
acclīvis, -esloping upward
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
cōnectō, -ere, -nexuī, -nexustie together, join, link
veluteven or just as, as
īnsurgō, -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctumrise up, rise to (a blow); rise against
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
covinnārius, -ī m.chariot-fighter (of the Britons)
strepitus, -ūs m.noise, din
discursus, -ūs m.running about; a darting movement
compleō, -plēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill full, fill up
tum, adv.then, at that time
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
frōns, frontis, f.forehead
lātus, -a, -umbroad, wide
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
dīdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumspread out, divide
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
quamquam, conj.however much, although
porrēctus, -a, -umstretched out, extended
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītuscall, summon, fetch
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
promptus, -a, -umready, eager
spēs, speī, f.hope
firmus, -a, -umstrong, steadfast
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
equus, -ī, m.horse
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
vēxillum, -ī n.banner, flag
Tacitus, Agricola. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.