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Tacitus · Agricola

Agricola 34

Agricola urges a final victory

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Agr. 34.1"Sī novae gentēs atque ignōta aciēs cōnstitisset, aliōrum exercituum exemplīs vōs hortārer: nunc vestra decora recēnsēte, vestrōs oculōs interrogāte.If new peoples and an unknown army stood against you, I would encourage you with the examples of other armies: as it is, count up your own distinctions, question your own eyes. Agr. 34.1Hī sunt, quōs proximō annō ūnam legiōnem fūrtō noctis adgressōs clamōre dēbellāstis;These are the men who last year attacked a single legion by stealth at night, and whom you defeated with a shout; Agr. 34.1hī cēterōrum Britannōrum fugācissimī ideōque tam diū superstitēs.these are the readiest to run of all the Britons, and that is why they have survived so long. Agr. 34.1" "quō modō silvās saltūsque penetrantibus fortissimum quodque animal contrā ruere, pavida et inertia ipsō agminis sonō pellēbantur, sīc ācerrimī Britannōrum iam prīdem cecidērunt, reliquus est numerus ignāvōrum et metuentium.Just as, when men penetrate forests and glades, all the bravest animals rush against them, while the timid and sluggish are driven off by the mere sound of the column, so the fiercest of the Britons have long since fallen, and what remains is a crowd of cowards and the fearful.

Agr. 34.2" "quōs quod tandem invēnistis, nōn restitērunt, sed dēprehēnsī sunt;If you have at last found them, it is not that they have made a stand, but that they have been caught; Agr. 34.3novissimae rēs et extrēmus metus corpora dēfīxēre in hīs vestīgiīs, in quibus pulchram et spectābilem victōriam ēderētis.their desperate plight and extreme fear have rooted their bodies to this spot, on which you may win a fine and spectacular victory. Agr. 34.3" "trānsigite cum expedītiōnibus, impōnite quīnquāgintā annīs magnum diem, adprobāte reī pūblicae numquam exercituī imputārī potuisse aut morās bellī aut causās rebellandī."Have done with campaigns, crown fifty years with one great day, prove to the state that neither the delays of the war nor the causes of rebellion could ever be blamed on the army.'

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (98 words)
sī, conj.if
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ignōtus, -a, -umunknown
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
vōsplur. of tū
hortor, -ārī, -ātusexhort, encourage, urge
nunc, adv.now
vester, -tra, -trumyour
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
recēnseō, -ēre, -uī, -suscount, review, muster
oculus, -ī, m.eye
interrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, question
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
annus, -ī, m.year
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
fūrtum, -ī, n.theft
nox, noctis, f.night
adgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumapproach; address; attack; undertake
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
dēbellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight to the finish; subdue completely
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
fugāx, -ācisfleeing, swift; shy
ideō (adv.)for that reason, therefore
que, enclitic conj.and
tam, adv.so
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
superstes, -stitissurviving, outliving (dat.)
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
saltus, -ūs m.wooded pass, forest glade, woodland
penetrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake one's way into, penetrate, reach
fortis, -ebrave
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
animal, -ālis n.living creature, animal
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrusrush
pavidus, -a, -umfrightened
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
iners, -ertissluggish, idle, unmanly
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
sonus, -ī m.sound
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
sīc, adv.so, thus
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
iam, adv.now, already
prīdem (adv.)long ago; iam prīdem: long since
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
numerus, -ī, m.number
ignāvus, -a, -umlazy, cowardly
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
quod, conj.that, in that, because
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
nōn, adv.not
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
sed, conj.but
dēprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsuscatch, seize, overtake; detect
novissimus, -a, -umlast (novissimum agmen: the rear)
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
corpus, corporis, n.body
dēfīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxusdrive in, fix firmly
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
vestīgium, -ī, n.track, foot-print
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
spectābilis, -evisible; worth seeing, splendid, remarkable
victōria, -ae, f.victory
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
trānsigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctuscarry through, finish, settle
cum, prep, with abl.with
expedītiō, -ōnis f.expedition, raid
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
quīnquāgintā, indecl. adj.fifty
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
approbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusapprove, agree with
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
numquam, adv.never
imputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscharge to someone's account; claim credit for (a favour)
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
mora, -ae, f.delay
bellum, -ī, n.war
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
rebellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrenew the war, revolt
Tacitus, Agricola. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.