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Tacitus · Agricola

Agricola 33

Agricola addresses his army

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Agr. 33.1Excēpēre ōrātiōnem alacrēs, ut barbarīs mōris, cantū fremitūque et clamōribus dissonīs.They received the speech eagerly, as is the custom of barbarians, with singing, roaring and discordant shouts. Agr. 33.1Iamque agmina et armōrum fulgōrēs audentissimī cuiusque prōcursū;And now there were columns on the move and the flash of arms as all the boldest ran forward; Agr. 33.1simul īnstruēbātur aciēs, cum Agricola quamquam laetum et vix mūnīmentīs coërcitum mīlitem accendendum adhūc ratus, ita disseruit: "septimus annus est, commīlitōnēs, ex quō virtūte vestrā auspiciīs imperiī Rōmānī, fidē atque operā nostrā Britanniam vīcistis.at the same time the line was being drawn up, when Agricola, thinking that his soldiers, though in high spirits and scarcely held back by the fortifications, should still be fired further, spoke as follows: 'This is the seventh year, comrades, since by your courage, under the auspices of the Roman empire, and by my loyalty and effort, you have conquered Britain. Agr. 33.2Tot expedītiōnibus, tot proeliīs, seu fortitūdine adversus hostīs seu patientiā ac labōre paene adversus ipsam rērum nātūram opus fuit, neque mē mīlitum neque vōs ducis paenituit.In so many campaigns, so many battles, whether there was need of bravery against the enemy or of endurance and toil almost against nature itself, neither have I been dissatisfied with my soldiers nor you with your general.

Agr. 33.2" "ergō ēgressī, ego veterum lēgātōrum, vōs priōrum exercituum terminōs, fīnem Britanniae nōn fāmā nec rūmōre, sed castrīs et armīs tenēmus: inventa Britannia et subācta."So we have both gone beyond the limits, I of former governors, you of earlier armies, and we hold the end of Britain not by report and rumour, but with camps and arms: Britain has been found and subdued. Agr. 33.4"Equidem saepe in agmine, cum vōs palūdēs montēsve et flūmina fatīgārent, fortissimī cuiusque vōcēs audiēbam: "quandō dabitur hostis, quandō aciēs?"Often indeed on the march, when marshes or mountains and rivers were wearing you out, I used to hear the voices of all the bravest: "When shall we be given the enemy, when a battle?" Agr. 33.4Veniunt, ē latebrīs suīs extrūsī, et vōta virtūsque in apertō, omniaque prōna victōribus atque eadem victīs adversa."They are coming, driven out of their hiding places, and your prayers and your courage have free scope, and everything is easy for the victors and the same things are against the vanquished. Agr. 33.5"Nam ut superāsse tantum itineris, silvās ēvāsisse, trānsīsse aestuāria pulchrum ac decōrum in frontem, ita fugientibus perīculōsissima quae hodiē prosperrima sunt;For just as to have covered so long a march, to have come through forests, to have crossed estuaries, is fine and glorious as we advance, so for those in flight the things that are most favourable today will be most dangerous; Agr. 33.5neque enim nōbīs aut locōrum eadem nōtitia aut commeātuum eadem abundantia, sed manūs et arma et in hīs omnia."for we do not have the same knowledge of the country or the same abundance of supplies, but we have our hands and our arms, and in these everything.

Agr. 33.6"Quod ad mē attinet, iam prīdem mihi dēcrētum est neque exercitūs neque ducis terga tūta esse.As for me, I long ago decided that neither for an army nor for a general is it safe to turn their backs. Agr. 33.6Proinde et honesta mors turpī vītā potior, et incolumitās ac decus eōdem locō sita sunt;Therefore an honourable death is better than a shameful life, and safety and honour are found in the same place; Agr. 33.6nec inglōrium fuerit in ipsō terrārum ac nātūrae fīne cecidisse."nor would it be inglorious to have fallen at the very end of the earth and of nature.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (150 words)
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
alacer, -cris, -creeager, keen
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
barbarus, -a, -umbarbarian
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
cantus, -ūs, m.singing, song
fremitus, -ūs, m.roaring, roar
que, enclitic conj.and
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
dissonus, -a, -umdiscordant; differing (in: abl.)
iam, adv.now, already
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
fulgor, -ōris m.flash, glare, brightness
audēns, -entisbold, daring
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
prōcursus, -ūs m.running forward, onrush, charge
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
quamquam, conj.however much, although
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
mūnīmentum, -ī n.defence, barrier
coerceō, -ēre, coercuī, coercitumrestrain, keep in check
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
disserō, -ere, -sēvī, -situssow here and there, plant at intervals
septimus, -a, -umseventh
annus, -ī, m.year
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
commīlitō, -ōnis m.fellow soldier, comrade
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
vester, -tra, -trumyour
auspicium, -ī n.taking of the auspices (reading the will of the gods from birds); omen
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
noster, -tra, -trumour
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
tot (indecl.)so many
expedītiō, -ōnis f.expedition, raid
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
fortitūdō, -inis f.bravery
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
patientia, -ae f.endurance, hardiness
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
paene, adv.almost, nearly
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
opus, operis, n.work, task
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
vōsplur. of tū
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
paeniteō, -ēre, -uīcause regret; impersonal: it causes regret (to)
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo out or forth, go ashore, disembark
vetus, veterisold, former
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
terminus, -ī m.boundary, limit
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
nōn, adv.not
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
rūmor, -ōris m.rumour, report
sed, conj.but
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
subigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctusbring under, subdue; force, compel
equidem (adv.)indeed, truly; for my part
saepe, adv.often, frequently
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
palūs, -ūdis, f.swamp, marsh
mōns, montis, m.mountain
flūmen, -minis, n.river
fatīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustire, wear out
fortis, -ebrave
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
latebra, -ae f.hiding place, lair
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
extrūdō, -ere, -trūsī, -trūsumthrust out, shut out
vōtum, -ī n.vow; wish, prayer
apertus, -a, -umopen
omnis, -eall, every
prōnus, -a, -umleaning forward; inclined, prone (to)
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
nam, conj.for
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
ēvādō, -vādere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo forth, get away, escape
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
aestuārium, -ī n.marsh, tidal inlet
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
decōrus, -a, -umhandsome, fine, splendid
frōns, frontis, f.forehead
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
perīculōsus, -a, -umdangerous
hodiē (adv.)today
prosperus, -a, -umfavourable, successful, prosperous
enim, conj.for
nōsplur. of ego
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
nōtitia, -ae f.knowledge, acquaintance
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
abundantia, -ae f.plenty, wealth
manus, -ūs, f.hand
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
attineō (adtineō), -ēre, -tinuī, -tentumhold fast; concern, matter (nihil attinet: it is no use, there is no point)
prīdem (adv.)long ago; iam prīdem: long since
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
tergum, -ī, n.back
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
proinde (adv.)therefore, accordingly; so then
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
mors, mortīs, f.death
turpis, -edisgraceful
vīta, -ae, f.life
potior, -ius (comp. adj.)better, preferable, more powerful
incolumitās, -ātis f.safety
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
situs, -a, -umplaced, situated
inglōrius, -a, -umwithout glory, inglorious, unhonoured
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
Tacitus, Agricola. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.