| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | change |
| repente (adv.) | suddenly |
| cōnsilium, -ī, n. | advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence |
| ūniversus, -a, -um | all together, whole, entire, all |
| nōnus, -a, -um | ninth |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| maximē, adv. | very greatly, exceedingly, especially |
| invalidus, -a, -um | weak, infirm |
| nox, noctis, f. | night |
| aggredior, -ī, aggressus sum | attack |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| somnus, -ī, m. | sleep, drowsiness |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| trepidātiō, -ōnis f. | alarm, agitation |
| caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesum | cut, cut down; kill |
| vigil, -is m. | watchman, sentry |
| inrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptus | burst into or in |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | fight |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| iter, itineris, n. | a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| explōrātor, -ōris, m. | explorer, scout, spy |
| ēdoceō, -ēre, -docuī, -doctum | inform thoroughly, explain |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| vestīgium, -ī, n. | track, foot-print |
| īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtus | follow upon or up, pursue |
| vēlōx, vēlōcis | swift, fast |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| pedes, peditis m. | foot soldier |
| adsultō (assultō), -āre | leap at, attack, make sallies against |
| tergum, -ī, n. | back |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| mox, adv. | soon |
| adiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus | throw to, throw, hurl |
| clāmor, -ōris, m. | shout, cry |
| propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f. | near; (noun) relative |
| lūx, lūcis, f. | light |
| fulgeō, -ēre, fulsī | flash, shine, glitter |
| signum, -ī, n. | sign, signal |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| anceps, ancipitis | two-sided, on two fronts; doubtful |
| malum, -ī, n. | evil, mischief |
| terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | frighten, terrify |
| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| redeō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go back, return |
| animus, -ī, m. | mind; heart; spirit, courage |
| sēcūrus, -a, -um | free from care, untroubled; careless (of: gen.) |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| salūs, salūtis, f. | safety, deliverance, escape |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| glōria, -ae, f. | glory |
| certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | contend, compete, vie |
| ultrō (adv.) | of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth) |
| quīn, conj. | so that ... not, but that, but |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| ērumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptum | burst out, sally |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| atrōx, -ōcis | savage, cruel, dreadful |
| porta, -ae, f. | gate; door |
| angustia, -ae f. | narrowness; (pl.) a narrow place, straits |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| dōnec (conj.) | until; while, as long as |
| pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus | drive, drive away, beat, rout |
| uterque, utraque, utrumque | each, either, both |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus | bear, bring |
| ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -um | help; (pl.) resources, wealth, power |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| egeō, -ēre, eguī (+ abl. or gen.) | need, lack, be in want of |
| auxilium, -ī, n. | help, aid |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| nisi, conj. | if not, unless |
| palūs, -ūdis, f. | swamp, marsh |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus | flee, run away |
| tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctus | cover |
| dēbellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | fight to the finish; subdue completely |
| victōria, -ae, f. | victory |