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Tacitus · Agricola

Agricola 25

Fleet and army advance north

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Agr. 25.1Cēterum aestāte, quā sextum officiī annum inchoābat, amplexus cīvitātēs trāns Bodotriam sitās, quia mōtūs ūniversārum ultrā gentium et īnfesta hostibus exercitūs itinera timēbantur, portūs classe explōrāvit;But in the summer in which he began the sixth year of his office, having taken in the states lying beyond the Bodotria, since a rising of all the peoples further on was feared, and the army's routes were feared to be beset by the enemy, he explored the harbours with his fleet; Agr. 25.1quae ab Agricolā prīmum adsūmpta in partem vīrium sequēbātur ēgregiā speciē, cum simul terrā, simul marī bellum impellerētur, ac saepe īsdem castrīs pedes equesque et nauticus mīles mīxtī cōpiīs et laetitiā suā quisque facta, suōs cāsūs attollerent, ac modo silvārum ac montium profunda, modo tempestātum ac flūctuum adversa, hinc terra et hostis, hinc victus Oceanus mīlitārī iactantiā comparārentur.the fleet, now first employed by Agricola as part of his forces, followed him in a fine display, as the war was pushed forward by land and sea at once, and often in the same camp infantry, cavalry and marines, mingling their supplies and their high spirits, would extol each his own deeds, his own adventures, and with soldierly boasting would compare, now the depths of forests and mountains, now the hardships of storms and waves, on one side the land and the enemy, on the other the conquered Ocean.

Agr. 25.2Britannōs quoque, ut ex captīvīs audiēbātur, vīsa classis obstupefaciēbat, tamquam apertō maris suī sēcrētō ultimum victīs perfugium clauderētur.The Britons too, as was heard from prisoners, were dumbfounded at the sight of the fleet, as if, now that the secret places of their sea had been laid open, their last refuge in defeat were being closed. Agr. 25.3Ad manūs et arma conversī Caledoniam incolentēs populī, parātū magnō, maiōre fāmā, utī mōs est dē ignōtīs, obpugnāre ultrō castella adortī, metum ut prōvocantēs addiderant;The peoples inhabiting Caledonia turned to arms and action, with great preparation, magnified by greater rumour, as is usual with the unknown, and by going so far as to attack our forts they had increased alarm, as men who take the offensive; Agr. 25.3regrediendumque citrā Bodotriam et excēdendum potius quam pellerentur ignāvī speciē prūdentium admonēbant, cum interim cognōscit hostīs plūribus agminibus inruptūrōs.and the cowardly, posing as the prudent, were advising that they should go back to this side of the Bodotria and withdraw rather than be driven out, when meanwhile Agricola learns that the enemy are about to attack in several columns.

Agr. 25.4Ac nē superante numerō et perītiā locōrum circumīrētur, dīvīsō et ipse in trīs partēs exercitū incessit.And so that he should not be surrounded by their superior numbers and knowledge of the country, he too divided his army into three parts and advanced.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×2, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (126 words)
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
aestās, -tātis, f.summer
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
sextus, -a, -umsixth
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
annus, -ī, m.year
inchoō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbegin, start on; sketch out
amplector, -plectī, -plexus sumembrace, hug; welcome, adopt
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
trāns, prep. with acc.across, over
situs, -a, -umplaced, situated
quia (conj.)because
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
ūniversus, -a, -umall together, whole, entire, all
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
portus, -ūs, m.harbor, haven, port
classis, -is f.fleet
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
assūmō, -ere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake up, receive; take to oneself
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
ēgregius, -a, -umoutstanding, excellent
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
mare, maris, n.sea
bellum, -ī, n.war
impellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive or urge on, incite, urge
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
saepe, adv.often, frequently
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
que, enclitic conj.and
nauticus, -a, -umnaval, nautical
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
laetitia, -ae, f.joy
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
attollō, -erelift up, raise
modo, adv.only
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
mōns, montis, m.mountain
profundus, -a, -umdeep
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
flūctus, -ūs m.wave
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
iactantia, -ae f.boasting, showing off, ostentation
comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātusprepare, collect
quoque, adv.also
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
captīvus, -a, -umcaptive
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
obstupefaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factusastound, stun
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
apertus, -a, -umopen
sēcrētum, -ī n.a private place; secret
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
perfugium, -ī n.refuge, shelter
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
manus, -ūs, f.hand
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
incolō, -colere, -coluīinhabit
populus, -ī m.people, nation
parātus, -ūs m.preparation, provision
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
ignōtus, -a, -umunknown
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
castellum, -ī n.fort, redoubt
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
prōvocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātuscall forth or out, challenge
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
regredior, -gredī, -gressusgo back, return
citrā (prep. + acc.)on this side of
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
potius (adv.)rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
ignāvus, -a, -umlazy, cowardly
prūdēns, -entissensible, shrewd, wise
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
interim (adv.)meanwhile
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
inrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusburst into or in
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
numerus, -ī, m.number
perītia, -ae f.experience, practical knowledge, skill
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
circumeō, -īre, -iī, -itumgo around
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
incēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumwalk, step, advance
Tacitus, Agricola. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.