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Tacitus · Agricola

Agricola 15

The Britons plan revolt

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Agr. 15.1Namque absentiā lēgātī remōtō metū Britannī agitāre inter sē mala servitūtis, cōnferre iniūriās et interpretandō accendere: nihil prōficī patientiā nisi ut graviōra tamquam ex facilī tolerantibus imperentur.For with the governor absent and their fear removed, the Britons began to discuss among themselves the evils of servitude, to compare their wrongs and to inflame them by interpreting them: nothing was gained by endurance except that heavier burdens were imposed on them as on people who bore them easily. Agr. 15.2Singulōs sibi ōlim rēgēs fuisse, nunc bīnōs impōnī, ē quibus lēgātus in sanguinem, prōcūrātor in bona saevīret.Once they had each had a single king, now two were imposed on them, of whom the governor raged against their lives, the procurator against their property. Agr. 15.2Aequē discordiam praepositōrum, aequē concordiam subiectīs exitiōsam.Discord between their masters was as ruinous to the subjects as harmony. Agr. 15.2Alterīus manum centuriōnēs, alterīus servōs vim et contumēliās miscēre.The band of centurions of the one, the slaves of the other, combined violence with insult. Agr. 15.3Nihil iam cupiditātī, nihil libīdinī exceptum.Nothing was now exempt from their greed, nothing from their lust.

Agr. 15.3In proeliō fortiōrem esse quī spoliet: nunc ab ignāvīs plērumque et inbellibus ēripī domōs, abstrahī līberōs, iniungī dīlēctūs, tamquam morī tantum prō patriā nescientibus.In battle it was the braver man who took the spoils: now it was mostly cowards and weaklings who seized their homes, dragged away their children and imposed levies on them, as though it were only for their own country that the Britons did not know how to die. Agr. 15.4Quantulum enim trānsīsse mīlitum, sī sēsē Britannī numerent?For how few soldiers had crossed over, if the Britons were to count their own numbers? Agr. 15.4Sīc Germāniās excussisse iugum: et flūmine, nōn Oceanō dēfendī.It was thus that the Germanies had thrown off the yoke: and they were defended by a river, not by the Ocean. Agr. 15.5Sibi patriam coniugēs parentēs, illīs avāritiam et luxuriam causās bellī esse.They had country, wives and parents as causes for war, the Romans only greed and luxury. Agr. 15.5Recessūrōs, ut dīvus Iūlius recessisset, modo virtūtem maiōrum suōrum aemulārentur.The Romans would withdraw, as the deified Julius had withdrawn, if only they emulated the courage of their ancestors.

Agr. 15.5Nēve proeliī ūnīus aut alterīus ēventū pavēscerent: plūs impetus, maiōrem cōnstantiam penes miserōs esse.Nor should they be dismayed by the outcome of one or two battles: more dash and greater steadfastness lay with the wretched. Agr. 15.6Iam Britannōrum etiam deōs miserērī, quī Rōmānum ducem absentem, quī relēgātum in aliā īnsulā exercitum dētinērent;Now even the gods were taking pity on the Britons, since they were keeping the Roman general away and his army banished in another island; Agr. 15.6iam ipsōs, quod difficillimum fuerit, dēlīberāre.now they themselves were deliberating, which was the hardest step. Agr. 15.6Porrō in eius modī cōnsiliīs perīculōsius esse dēprehendī quam audēre.Moreover, in plans of this kind it was more dangerous to be caught than to dare.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, purpose clauses ×1, ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (133 words)
namque, conj.for
absentia, -ae f.absence
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
removeō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove back, remove
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
servitūs, -tūtis, f.slavery, servitude
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
interpretor, -ārī, -ātus sumexplain, interpret
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
prōficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaccomplish, make progress
patientia, -ae f.endurance, hardiness
nisi, conj.if not, unless
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
tolerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumbear, endure; keep off (hunger)
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
ōlim, adv.once upon a time, once, formerly, of old
rēx, rēgis, m.king
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nunc, adv.now
bīnī, -ae, -atwo each, two at a time
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
prōcūrātor, -ōris m.manager, agent; regent
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
saeviō, -īre, -iī, -ītumrage
aequē (adv.)equally, just as; aequē ac: just as
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
praepōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput in command of
concordia, -ae f.agreement, harmony
subiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow or place under
exitiōsus, -a, -umdestructive, deadly
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
manus, -ūs, f.hand
centuriō, -ōnis m.centurion (officer commanding about 80 men)
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
contumēlia, -ae f.insult, outrage
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
iam, adv.now, already
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
fortis, -ebrave
spoliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstrip, rob
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ignāvus, -a, -umlazy, cowardly
plērumque (adv.)generally, mostly
imbellis, -eunwarlike, cowardly
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
abstrahō, -ere, -trāxī, -tractumdrag away, carry off
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
iniungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to; impose, inflict
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
morior, morī, mortuusdie
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
quantulus, -a, -umhow small, how little
enim, conj.for
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
sī, conj.if
numerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount, number; reckon, count as
sīc, adv.so, thus
excutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshake off, shake out
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
flūmen, -minis, n.river
nōn, adv.not
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f.spouse, husband, wife
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
avāritia, -ae f.greed
luxuria, -ae f.luxury
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
bellum, -ī, n.war
recēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo back, withdraw, retire
dīvus, -ī m. (gen. pl. also dīvum, dīvom)god
modo, adv.only
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
maiōrēs, -um m. pl.ancestors
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
aemulor, -ārī, -ātus sumtry to equal, rival, imitate
nēve or neu, conj.and that not, and not, nor
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ēventus, -ūs m.outcome, result
pavēscō, -erebecome afraid, take fright (at)
plūs (adv.)more
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
cōnstantia, -ae f.steadiness, firmness
penes (prep. + acc.)in the hands of, in the power of
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
deus, -ī, m.god
misereor, -ērī, miseritus sumpity, have mercy on (+ gen.)
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
relēgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussend away, remove; banish
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
īnsula, -ae, f.island
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
dētineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentumhold back, detain
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
dēlīberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumconsider, deliberate
porrō (adv.)further on; moreover
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
perīculōsē, adv. (comp. perīculōsius)dangerously, at risk
dēprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsuscatch, seize, overtake; detect
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
Tacitus, Agricola. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.