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Seneca · De Clementia

De Clementia 9

Augustus pardons the plotter Cinna

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Clem. 1.9.1Hoc quam vērum sit, admonēre tē exemplō domesticō volō.How true this is I wish to remind you by an example from your own family. Clem. 1.9.1Dīvus Augustus fuit mītis prīnceps, sī quis illum ā prīncipātū suō aestimāre incipiat ;The deified Augustus was a mild prince, if one begins to judge him from the time of his principate; Clem. 1.9.1in commūnī quidem reī pūblicae gladium mōvit.in the time when the commonwealth was shared, indeed, he wielded the sword. Clem. 1.9.1Cum hoc aetātis esset, quod tū nunc es, duodēvīcēnsimum ēgressus annum, iam pugiōnēs in sinum amīcōrum absconderat, iam īnsidiīs M. Antōniī cōnsulis latus petierat, iam fuerat collēga prōscrīptiōnis.When he was the age you are now, just past his eighteenth year, he had already buried daggers in the breasts of friends, already sought the side of the consul Mark Antony by treachery, already been a partner in the proscription. Clem. 1.9.2Sed cum annum quadrāgēnsimum trānsīsset et in Galliā morārētur, dēlātum est ad eum indicium L. Cinnam, stolidī ingeniī virum, īnsidiās eī struere ;But when he had passed his fortieth year and was staying in Gaul, information was brought to him that Lucius Cinna, a man of dull wit, was plotting against him; Clem. 1.9.2dictum est, et ubi et quandō et quemadmodum adgredī vellet;he was told where and when and how Cinna meant to attack him; Clem. 1.9.2ūnus ex cōnsciīs dēferēbat.one of the accomplices was the informer.

Clem. 1.9.3Cōnstituit sē ab eō vindicāre et cōnsilium amīcōrum advocārī iussit.He resolved to avenge himself on him, and ordered a council of his friends to be summoned. Clem. 1.9.3Nox illī inquiēta erat, cum cōgitāret adulēscentem nōbilem, hōc dētrāctō integrum.He spent a restless night, reflecting that a young man of noble birth, blameless apart from this. Clem. 1.9.3Cn. Pompēī nepōtem, damnandum ;the grandson of Gnaeus Pompey, must be condemned; Clem. 1.9.3iam ūnum hominem occīdere nōn poterat, cui M. Antōnius prōscrīptiōnis ēdictum inter cēnam dictārat.now he could not kill one man, he to whom Mark Antony had dictated the edict of proscription at dinner. Clem. 1.9.4Gemēns subinde vōcēs variās ēmittēbat et inter sē contrāriās : " Quid ergō ?Groaning, he uttered from time to time various words that contradicted one another: 'What then? Clem. 1.9.4Ego percussōrem meum sēcūrum ambulāre patiar mē sollicitō ?Shall I let my assassin walk about free from care while I am anxious? Clem. 1.9.4Ergō nōn dabit poenās, quī tot cīvīlibus bellīs frūstrā petītum caput, tot nāvālibus, tot pedestribus proeliīs incolume, postquam terrā marīque pāx parāta est, nōn occīdere cōnstituat, sed immolāre ?Shall he then not pay the penalty who resolves, not to kill, but to sacrifice, a head sought in vain in so many civil wars, unharmed in so many battles by sea and so many on land, now that peace has been established on land and sea?

Clem. 1.9.4" (nam sacrificantem placuerat adorīrī).' (for they had decided to attack him while he was sacrificing). Clem. 1.9.5Rūrsus silentiō interpositō maiōre multō vōce sibi quam Cinnae īrāscēbātur : " Quid vīvis, sī perīre tē tam multōrum interest ?Again, after a pause, in a much louder voice he raged at himself more than at Cinna: 'Why do you live, if it matters to so many that you should die? Clem. 1.9.5Quis fīnis erit suppliciōrum ?What end will there be to punishments? Clem. 1.9.5Quis sanguinis ?What end to bloodshed? Clem. 1.9.5Ego sum nōbilibus adulēscentulīs expositum caput, in quod mūcrōnēs acuant ;I am the head exposed to noble young men, on which they may sharpen their swords; Clem. 1.9.5nōn est tantī vīta, sī, ut ego nōn peream, tam multa perdenda sunt.life is not worth so much if, so that I may not perish, so much must be destroyed. Clem. 1.9.6" Interpellāvit tandem illum Līvia uxor et : " Admittis," inquit, " muliebre cōnsilium ?' At last his wife Livia interrupted him and said: 'Will you admit a woman's advice? Clem. 1.9.6Fac, quod medicī solent, quī, ubi ūsitāta remedia nōn prōcēdunt, temptant contrāria.Do what doctors usually do, who, when the usual remedies do not succeed, try their opposites.

Clem. 1.9.6Sevēritāte nihil adhūc prōfēcistī;By severity you have achieved nothing so far; Clem. 1.9.6Salvidiēnum Lepidus secūtus est.Lepidus followed Salvidienus. Clem. 1.9.6Lepidum Mūrēna, Mūrēnam Caepiō, Caepiōnem Egnātius, ut aliōs taceam, quōs tantum ausōs pudet.Murena followed Lepidus, Caepio Murena, Egnatius Caepio, not to mention others whose daring so much is a disgrace. Clem. 1.9.6Nunc temptā, quōmodo tibi cēdat clēmentia;Now try how clemency turns out for you; Clem. 1.9.6ignōsce L. Cinnae.pardon Lucius Cinna. Clem. 1.9.6Dēprēnsus est;He has been caught; Clem. 1.9.6iam nocēre tibi nōn potest, prōdesse fāmae tuae potest.he can no longer harm you; he can benefit your reputation. Clem. 1.9.7" Gāvīsus, sibi quod advocātum invēnerat, uxōrī quidem grātiās ēgit, renūntiārī autem extemplō amīcīs, quōs in cōnsilium rogāverat, imperāvit et Cinnam ūnum ad sē accersit dīmissīsque omnibus ē cubiculō, cum alteram Cinnae pōnī cathedram iussisset : " Hoc," inquit, " prīmum ā tē petō, nē mē loquentem interpellēs, nē mediō sermōne meō prōclāmēs ;' Delighted to have found an advocate, he thanked his wife, and at once ordered word to be sent to the friends he had asked to the council that it was cancelled, and summoned Cinna alone to him; and having sent everyone out of the room and ordered a second chair to be set for Cinna, he said: 'This I ask of you first, that you do not interrupt me as I speak, that you do not cry out in the middle of my speech; Clem. 1.9.7dabitur tibi loquendī līberum tempus.you will be given free time to speak.

Clem. 1.9.8Ego tē, Cinna, cum in hostium castrīs invēnissem, nōn factum tantum mihi inimīcum sed nātum, servāvī, patrimōnium tibi omne concessī.Cinna, when I had found you in the enemy's camp, not merely made my enemy but born one, I saved you and granted you your entire inheritance. Clem. 1.9.8Hodiē tam fēlīx et tam dīves es, ut victō victōrēs invideant.Today you are so fortunate and so rich that the victors envy the vanquished. Clem. 1.9.8Sacerdōtium tibi petentī praeteritīs complūribus, quōrum parentēs mēcum mīlitāverant, dedī ;When you sought a priesthood, I passed over several whose parents had served with me, and gave it to you; Clem. 1.9.8cum sīc dē tē meruerim, occīdere mē cōnstituistī.though I have deserved so well of you, you have resolved to kill me. Clem. 1.9.9" Cum ad hanc vōcem exclāmāsset procul hanc ab sē abesse dēmentiam : " Nōn praestās," inquit, " fidem, Cinna ;' When at this word Cinna cried out that such madness was far from him, he said: 'You are not keeping faith, Cinna; Clem. 1.9.9convēnerat, nē interloquerēris.it was agreed that you would not interrupt. Clem. 1.9.9Occīdere, inquam, mē parās " ;You are preparing, I say, to kill me'; Clem. 1.9.9adiēcit locum, sociōs, diem, ōrdinem īnsidiārum, cui commissum esset ferrum.he added the place, the accomplices, the day, the plan of the plot, and to whom the sword had been entrusted.

Clem. 1.9.10Et cum dēfīxum vidēret nec ex conventiōne iam, sed ex cōnscientiā tacentem : " Quō," inquit, " hōc animō facis ?And when he saw him with eyes fixed on the ground, silent now not because of their agreement but from guilt, he said: 'With what purpose are you doing this? Clem. 1.9.10Ut ipse sīs prīnceps ?That you may be prince yourself? Clem. 1.9.10Male mehercules cum populō Rōmānō agitur, sī tibi ad imperandum- nihil praeter mē obstat obstat.By Hercules, it goes badly with the Roman people if nothing but I stands in the way of your ruling. Clem. 1.9.10Domum tuērī tuam nōn potes, nūper lībertīnī hominis grātiā in prīvātō iūdiciō superātus es ;You cannot look after your own house; recently you were beaten in a private suit by the influence of a freedman; Clem. 1.9.10adeō nihil facilius potes quam contrā Caesarem advocāre.so true is it that nothing comes easier to you than to bring a case against Caesar. Clem. 1.9.10Cēdō, sī spēs tuās sōlus impediō, Paulusne tē et Fabius Maximus et Cossī et Servīliī ferent tantumque agmen nōbilium nōn inānia nōmina praeferentium, sed eōrum, quī imāginibus- suīs decorī sint sint ?Tell me, if I alone hinder your hopes, will Paulus put up with you, and Fabius Maximus, and the Cossi and the Servilii, and so great a column of nobles, not those who display empty names but those who bring honour to their ancestral portraits?

Clem. 1.9.10" Nē tōtam eius ōrātiōnem repetendō magnam partem volūminis occupem (diūtius enim quam duābus hōrīs locūtum esse cōnstat, eum hanc poenam, quā sōlā erat contentus futūrus, extenderet) : " Vītam," inquit, " tibi, Cinna, iterum dō, prius hostī, nunc īnsidiātōrī ac parricīdae.' Not to fill a large part of this volume by repeating his whole speech (for it is agreed that he spoke for more than two hours, drawing out this punishment, the only one with which he meant to be content), he said: 'Cinna, I give you life a second time, first to an enemy, now to a plotter and parricide. Clem. 1.9.11Ex hodiernō diē inter nōs amīcitia incipiat ;From this day let friendship begin between us; Clem. 1.9.11contendāmus, utrum ego meliōre fidē tibi vītam dederim an tū dēbeās."let us contend whether I have given you life in better faith, or you owe it.' Clem. 1.9.11Post hoc dētulit ultrō cōnsulātum questus, quod nōn audēret petere.After this he offered him the consulship unasked, complaining that Cinna did not dare to stand for it. Clem. 1.9.11Amīcissimum fidēlissimumque habuit, hērēs sōlus illī fuit.He found him his most devoted and faithful friend, and was his sole heir.

Clem. 1.9.11Nūllīs amplius īnsidiīs ab ūllō petītus est.He was never again the target of any plot by anyone.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×5, purpose clauses ×2, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (315 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
domesticus, -a, -umof one's own home, domestic
volō, velle, voluīwish
dīvus, -ī m. (gen. pl. also dīvum, dīvom)god
mītis, -emild, gentle (adv. mītissimē: as gently as possible)
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
prīncipātus, -ūs m.leadership, first place
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
aestimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumvalue, reckon
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
gladius, -ī, m.sword
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
aetās, -tātis, f.age
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nunc, adv.now
duodēvīcēsimus (duodēvīcēnsimus), -a, -umeighteenth
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo out or forth, go ashore, disembark
annus, -ī, m.year
iam, adv.now, already
pugiō, -ōnis m.dagger
sinus, -ūs, m.bosom, lap
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
abscondō, -ere, -condī, -conditushide, conceal
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
latus, lateris n.side, flank
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
prōscrīptiō, -ōnis f.public notice of sale; proscription (outlawing and confiscation, as under Sulla)
sed, conj.but
quadrāgēsimus (quadrāgēnsimus), -a, -umfortieth
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
indicium, -ī n.information, evidence; an informer's report
stolidus, -a, -umstupid, foolish
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
vir, virī, m.man
struō, -ere, strūxī, strūctusbuild, construct; arrange
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
quemadmodum (adv.)how, in what way; just as
adgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumapproach; address; attack; undertake
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
cōnscius, -a, -umaware, conscious (of)
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
vindicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpunish; claim
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
advocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon (contiōnem advocāre: call an assembly)
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
nox, noctis, f.night
inquiētus, -a, -umrestless
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
dētrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctusdraw or pull off
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
nepōs, nepōtis, m.grandson
damnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcondemn
homō, hominis, m.man
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
ēdictum, -ī n.proclamation, edict (of a magistrate)
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
cēna, -ae, f.dinner
dictō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay repeatedly; dictate
gemō, -ere, -uī, -itusgroan; lament
subinde (adv.)immediately after; repeatedly, from time to time
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
varius, -a, -umvarious
ēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend out or forth
contrārius, -a, -umopposite, facing
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
percussor, -ōris m.assassin, murderer; one who strikes, destroyer
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
sēcūrus, -a, -umfree from care, untroubled; careless (of: gen.)
ambulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwalk
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
sollicitus, -a, -umtroubled, anxious
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
tot (indecl.)so many
cīvīlis, -eof citizens; bellum cīvīle: civil war
bellum, -ī, n.war
frūstrā, adv.in vain
caput, capitis, n.head
nāvālis, -enaval, of ships
pedester, -tris, -treon foot, infantry (pedestrēs cōpiae: infantry)
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
incolumis, -eunhurt, safe
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
mare, maris, n.sea
que, enclitic conj.and
pāx, pācis f.peace
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
immolō, -molāre, -molāvī, -molātussacrifice (the victim was sprinkled with consecrated meal)
nam, conj.for
sacrificō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussacrifice
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
rūrsus, adv.again
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
interpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput between; bring forward (an excuse)
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātusbe angry
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
tam, adv.so
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
adulēscentulus, -ī m.a very young man
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
mūcrō, -ōnis m.sword point, sword
acuō, -ere, acuī, acūtussharpen; stimulate
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
vīta, -ae, f.life
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
interpellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuminterrupt, hinder
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
uxor, -ōris, f.wife
admittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend to, admit; allow
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
muliebris, -eof a woman, womanly; (n. pl.) a woman's part
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
medicus, -ī m.doctor
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
ūsitātus, -a, -umusual, familiar, in common use
remedium, -ī, n.remedy
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
sevēritās, -ātis f.strictness, severity
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
prōficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaccomplish, make progress
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
taceō, -ēre, -uī, -itusbe silent
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
pudet, -ēre, puduit (impers.)it shames, one is ashamed
quōmodo (adv.)how; in what way
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
clēmentia, -ae, f.mercy, kindness
ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.)pardon, forgive
dēprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsuscatch, seize, overtake; detect
noceō, -ēre, nocuī, nocitum (+ dat.)harm, hurt
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
advocātus, -ī m.supporter in court, legal adviser, counsel; helper, friend called in
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
renūntiō, -nūntiāre, -nūntiāvī, -nūntiātusbring back word, report, announce
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
extemplō, adv.immediately, straightway, at once
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītuscall, summon, fetch
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
omnis, -eall, every
cubiculum, -ī, n.bedroom
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
cathedra, -ae f.chair, seat; seat of honour
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
prōclāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscry out, declare loudly
līber, lībera, līberumfree
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
patrimōnium, -ī n.inheritance, family estate
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
hodiē (adv.)today
fēlīx, -īcisfortunate, lucky, happy
dīves, dīvitis (superl. dītissimus)rich
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
invideō, -ēre, invīdī, invīsum (+ dat.)envy, be jealous of
sacerdōtium, -ī n.priesthood
praetereō, -īre, -iī, -ituspass by
complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj.several, many
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
mīlitō, -āre, -āvīserve as a soldier
sīc, adv.so, thus
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
mereō, -ēre, meruī, meritusdeserve, earn
exclāmō, -clāmāre, -clāmāvī, -clāmātuscry out, exclaim
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
dēmentia, -ae f.madness, folly
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
interloquor, -loquī, -locūtus suminterrupt, break in while another speaks
adiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow to, throw, hurl
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
dēfīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxusdrive in, fix firmly
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
conventiō, -ōnis f.agreement, compact; assembly
cōnscientia, -ae f.awareness; consciousness of guilt, guilty conscience
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
male, adv.badly, ill
mehercule, mehercle (interj.)by Hercules!, so help me, truly
cum, prep, with abl.with
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
nūper, adv.newly, lately, recently
lībertīnus, -a, -umof a freedman; as noun, freedman
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
facile, adv.easily
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
spēs, speī, f.hope
sōlus, -a, -umalone
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
inānis, -eempty
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
praeferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātumput before, prefer (sē praeferre: show oneself superior)
imāgō, -inis f.likeness, image, portrait
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
volūmen, -inis n.roll (of writing), book
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
enim, conj.for
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
hōra, -ae, f.hour
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
contentus, -a, -umcontent, satisfied (+ abl.)
extendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentumstretch out, extend
iterum, adv.again, a second time
prius, adv.before, first
īnsidiātor, -ōris m.a man lying in ambush; (pl.) the ambushers
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
parricīda, -ae m.murderer of a parent; traitor, assassin
hodiernus, -a, -umof today; hodiernō diē, today
nōsplur. of ego
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
utrum (conj.)whether (utrum … an: whether … or)
bonus, -a, -umgood
an, conj.or (in questions)
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
quod, conj.that, in that, because
amīcus, -a, -umfriendly, kindly disposed
fidēlis, -efaithful, loyal
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
hērēs (haerēs), -ēdis m.heir
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
amplius (adv.)more, further
ūllus, -a, -umany
Seneca, De Clementia. Latin text: J. W. Basore, Seneca: Moral Essays I (Loeb, 1928), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.