LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Seneca › On Mercy (De Clementia) › De Clementia 10

Seneca · De Clementia

De Clementia 10

Augustus' clemency and its rewards

English onlyRead it word by word

Clem. 1.10.1Ignōvit abavus tuus victīs ;Your great-great-grandfather pardoned the conquered; Clem. 1.10.1nam sī nōn ignōvisset, quibus imperāsset ?for if he had not pardoned them, whom would he have ruled? Clem. 1.10.1Sallustium et Cocceiōs et Deilliōs et tōtam cohortem prīmae admissiōnis ex adversāriōrum castrīs cōnscrīpsit ;Sallustius, the Cocceii, the Dellii and the whole band of those first admitted to his presence he enrolled from his opponents' camp; Clem. 1.10.1iam Domitiōs, Messālās, Asiniōs, Cicerōnēs, quidquid flōris erat in cīvitāte, clēmentiae suae dēbēbat.and now the Domitii, the Messallae, the Asinii, the Ciceros, all the flower of the state, he owed to his own clemency. Clem. 1.10.1Ipsum Lepidum quam diū morī passus est !Lepidus himself: how long he allowed him to die! Clem. 1.10.1Per multōs annōs tulit ōrnāmenta prīncipis retinentem et pontificātum maximum nōn nisi mortuō illō trānsferrī in sē passus est;For many years he endured him retaining the insignia of a prince, and allowed the chief pontificate to be transferred to himself only when Lepidus was dead; Clem. 1.10.1māluit enim illum honōrem vocārī quam spolium.for he preferred it to be called an honour rather than a spoil.

Clem. 1.10.1Haec eum clēmentia ad salūtem sēcūritātemque perdūxit;This clemency brought him to safety and security; Clem. 1.10.2haec grātum ac favōrābilem reddidit, quamvīs nōndum subāctīs populī Rōmānī cervīcibus manum imposuisset;this made him welcome and popular, although he had laid his hand on the necks of the Roman people before they were yet subdued; Clem. 1.10.2haec hodiēque praestat illī fāmam, quae vix vīvīs prīncipibus servit.this still today brings him a fame which scarcely serves princes while they live. Clem. 1.10.3Deum esse nōn tamquam iussī crēdimus ;We believe he is a god, not as if we had been ordered to; Clem. 1.10.3bonum fuisse prīncipem Augustum, bene illī parentis nōmen convēnisse fatēmur ob nūllam aliam causam, quam quod contumēliās quoque suās, quae acerbiōrēs prīncipibus solent esse quam iniūriae, nūllā crūdēlitāte exsequēbātur, quod probrōsīs in sē dictīs adrīsit, quod dare illum poenās appārēbat, cum exigeret, quod, quōscumque ob adulterium fīliae suae damnāverat, adeō nōn occīdit, ut dīmissīs quō tūtiōrēs essent, diplōmata daret.we acknowledge that Augustus was a good prince, and that the name of father suited him well, for no other reason than that he did not pursue with any cruelty even the insults to himself, which are usually more bitter to princes than injuries, that he laughed at abusive things said against him, that he was plainly suffering punishment when he exacted it, and that those whom he had condemned for adultery with his daughter he was so far from killing that, having banished them, he gave them passports so that they might be safer.

Clem. 1.10.4Hoc est ignōscere, eum sciās multōs futūrōs, quī prō tē nāscantur et tibi sanguine aliēnō grātificentur, nōn dare tantum salūtem, sed praestāre.This is to pardon, when you know there will be many to rise up on your behalf and gratify you with another's blood: not just to grant safety, but to guarantee it.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, purpose clauses ×2, indirect statement ×5

Latin vocabulary for this passage (126 words)
ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.)pardon, forgive
abavus, -ī m.great-great-grandfather; ancestor
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
nam, conj.for
sī, conj.if
nōn, adv.not
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
admissiō, -ōnis f.admission to an audience; prīma admissiō: the inner circle of friends received first
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
adversārius, -ī m.opponent, enemy
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
cōnscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumenlist, enroll
iam, adv.now, already
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
flōs, flōris m.flower
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
clēmentia, -ae, f.mercy, kindness
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
morior, morī, mortuusdie
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
annus, -ī, m.year
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
ōrnāmentum, -ī n.honour, distinction; ornament
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
pontificātus, -ūs m.the office of pontifex; here the post of chief priest (pontifex maximus)
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
nisi, conj.if not, unless
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
trānsferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātuscarry across, transfer
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
enim, conj.for
honor, -ōris, m.honor
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
spolium, -ī n.spoils, booty (usu. pl.)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
sēcūritās, -ātis f.freedom from care, composure
que, enclitic conj.and
perdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or bring through, lead, bring
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
favōrābilis, -epopular, winning favour, well-liked
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
nōndum, adv.not yet
subigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctusbring under, subdue; force, compel
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
cervīx, -īcis f.neck (often pl.)
manus, -ūs, f.hand
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
hodiē (adv.)today
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
serviō, -ire, -īvī, -ītusbe subject to, serve
deus, -ī, m.god
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
bonus, -a, -umgood
bene, adv.well; successfully
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
fateor, -ērī, fassus sumadmit, confess
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
quod, conj.that, in that, because
contumēlia, -ae f.insult, outrage
quoque, adv.also
acerbus, -a, -umbitter, harsh, painful
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
crūdēlitās, -ātis f.cruelty
exsequor, -ī, -secūtus sumcarry out, enforce
probrōsus, -a, -umshameful, disgraceful; abusive, insulting
dictum, -ī n.word, order (dictō audiēns: obedient)
arrīdeō (adrīdeō), -ēre, -rīsī, -rīsussmile at, smile
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumdrive out; finish, spend (a season)
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumquewhoever, whatever
adulterium, -ī n.adultery
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
damnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcondemn
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
diplōma, -atis n.official letter of authority, travel warrant, permit
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
grātificor, -ārī, -ātus sumdo a favour, oblige, gratify
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
sed, conj.but
Seneca, De Clementia. Latin text: J. W. Basore, Seneca: Moral Essays I (Loeb, 1928), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.